Standard Test Methods Adapted to Better Simulate Fabrics in Use

Laing, R. M.; Gore, Shani E.; Wilson, Cheryl A.; Carr, Debra J.; Niven, Brian E.

doi:10.1177/0040517509357647

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The condition of the water-resistant cover did not appear to affect the measured BFS in test panels exposed to soaking and drying regimes. (Laing et al, 2010;Crow and Osczevski, 1998;Laing et al, 2008). That mass of the test panels increased after soaking and drying exposure cycles in a saline solution was also expected and is likely due to salt crystallising and being trapped within the fabric and panel structure during the drying process.…”

Section: Effect Of Conditioning On Mass Of Panelmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effects of salt water on the ballistic protective performance of bullet-resistant body armour

Dodd¹,

Malbon²,

Critchley³

et al. 2018

The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles

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Bullet-resistant body armour is used by law enforcement agencies and military personnel worldwide, often in inclement weather. Some fibre types used in body armour perform poorly when wet, resulting in a reduced level of protection; this is why most body armour protective elements are water-repellent treated and/or protected by a water-resistant cover. Some of the users operate in the maritime environment. The effect of salt water on body armour performance has not been previously reported. In this work the effect of soaking body armour in salt water and exposing body armour for up to 10 soaking and drying cycles in salt water was investigated. The effectiveness of the water-resistant cover was investigated by considering three cover conditions: (i) intact, (ii) cut and (iii) removed. Wet armour was heavier and provided significantly less protection from 9 mm Luger FMJ ammunition when compared to not-exposed armour irrespective of cover condition. A degradation in performance of armours exposed to soaking and drying cycles was noted, but this was similar across all regimes considered (one, three, five and ten cycles) and not as great as for wet armours.

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Section: Effect Of Conditioning On Mass Of Panelmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effects of salt water on the ballistic protective performance of bullet-resistant body armour

Dodd¹,

Malbon²,

Critchley³

et al. 2018

The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles

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“…The textile effective density (q ef ) was calculated by weighing a known volume of sample [10,11,[13][14][15], after stabilisation of its moisture content (by exposure to air environment at 20°C and 65% of humidity, for at least 16 h). Finally, the fraction of fibre (e ds ), of retained water (e bw ), and of gas (e c ) were obtained by solving Eqs.…”

Section: ð3:1þmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two textiles made of the same type of fibres but with different porosities may have very different thermal performances. Porosity of a textile is usually determined by evaluating fibre and textile densities, the latter being often determined by weighing a specific volume of textile [10,11,[13][14][15][16]. However, depending on the hydrophilic nature of the fibre, it retains more or less water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the determination of parameters required for numerical studies of heat and mass transfer through textiles – Methodologies and experimental procedures

Neves

Campos

Mayor

2015

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study was to develop methodologies and experimental procedures to determine textile parameters required in numerical approaches of heat and mass transfer through textiles. Privileging techniques usually available in textile/clothing laboratories, experimental approaches were defined that allow to estimate all required parameters, while taking into consideration water presence in the fibres and hence the effect of fibres hygroscopic properties. Numerical models usually require values of textile thickness, fibre fraction, and tortuosity, as well as knowledge of the boundary conditions, e.g. convective heat and mass transfer coefficients. To calculate these parameters, thickness, weight, and volume of textile samples were measured, whereas convective and textile evaporative resistances were determined by indirect measurements. Results were obtained for four distinct textile samples (made of wool, cotton, and a mixture of materials), of different hydrophilic nature. When the obtained parameters were incorporated in a numerical model and numerical predictions of temperature and humidity were compared with experimental data obtained during measurements of fabric evaporative resistance, it was shown that the predictions were accurate; this lends support to the developed methods and approaches.Since an uncertainty in the measured parameters can compromise the accuracy of numerical predictions, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the influence of deviations in the model input parameters and of assumptions regarding water presence in the fibres, on the predictions of heat and mass transfer rates. The results show that a deviation in textile weight and thickness as well as the assumption of no water retained in fibres during their characterisation, have a significant effect on the predicted heat transfer and water distribution over time. Moreover, a deviation in the total evaporative resistance, convective evaporative resistance, and sorption rate factor has great influence on the heat flux obtained in the initial period of testing.

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“…What is known is that wet fabrics are heavier and more inclined to slump. 34 A WRT can be applied to fibres, yarns and fabrics; there can be issues with adhesion, and if treatment is applied to fibres or yarns, the WRT can wear off during the weaving process; thus, the preference is for treating fabrics. WRT fabrics may be stiffer than non-treated fabrics, and interstitial spaces can be partially or fully filled reducing evaporation if the fabrics are used in apparel located next to the skin.…”

Section: Water Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach towards future ballistic neck protection materials selection

Breeze

Helliker

Carr

2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Ballistic protection for the neck has historically taken the form of collars attached to the ballistic vest (removable or fixed), but other approaches, including the development of prototypes incorporating ballistic material into the collar of an under body armour shirt, are now being investigated. Current neck collars incorporate the same ballistic protective fabrics as the soft armour of the remaining vest, reflecting how ballistic protective performance alone has historically been perceived as the most important property for neck protection. However, the neck has fundamental differences from the thorax in terms of anatomical vulnerability, flexibility and equipment integration, necessitating a separate solution from the thorax in terms of optimal materials selection. An integrated approach towards the selection of the most appropriate combination of materials to be used for each of the two potential designs of future neck protection has been developed. This approach requires evaluation of the properties of each potential material in addition to ballistic performance alone, including flexibility, mass, wear resistance and thermal burden. The aim of this article is to provide readers with an overview of this integrated approach towards ballistic materials selection and an update of its current progress in the development of future ballistic neck protection.

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Standard Test Methods Adapted to Better Simulate Fabrics in Use

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of salt water on the ballistic protective performance of bullet-resistant body armour

Effects of salt water on the ballistic protective performance of bullet-resistant body armour

On the determination of parameters required for numerical studies of heat and mass transfer through textiles – Methodologies and experimental procedures

An integrated approach towards future ballistic neck protection materials selection

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