Standardization of methods of analysis for heavy metals in sediments

Groot, Aafke J. de; Zschuppel, K. H.; Salomons, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00000068

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The chemical partitioning of metals on or within sediments is often (Horowitz, 1991). (B) Relationship between metal concentration and the percentage of the sub-16pm grain size fraction for the river Ems (deGroot et al, 1982;figure modified from Horowitz, 1991). (C) Concentrations of Zn by particle size for sediments from two sampling stations upstream (16.6 river miles) and downstream (03 river miles) of the Saddle River, near Lodi, New Jersey (Wilber and Hunter, 1979).…”

Section: Sediment-water Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often argued that those metals held in organic associations, or in weakly adsorbed form, are more readily available to biota and that the total metal concentrations in sediments provide little information on the potential bioavailability and, hence, toxicological effect of metal release. Further development, refinement and standardization of extraction procedures are clearly important for providing comparable heavy metals data from different national and research monitoring programmes (deGroot et al, 1982).…”

Section: Sediment-water Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy metals in the hydrological cycle: Trends and explanation

1996

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This paper reviews the major sources and transport characteristics of heavy metals in the hydrological cycle. It is demonstrated that heavy metal releases to the environment have changed from 19th and early 20th century production-related activities to consumption-oriented factors in more recent times. The relative roles of particle size, sorption and desorption processes, partitioning and the chemical speciation of heavy metals on fine sediments are identified to understand the likely fate of heavy metals released into fluvial systems. It is argued that the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in the river corridor depends not only on an understanding of metal solubility and speciation, but also on an understanding of sediment dynamics which control, for example, floodplain alluviation and the accumulation of metals in the bottom sediments of contaminated rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Existing long-and short-term records are examined to identify the current state of knowledge about the factors which affect heavy metal releases into aquatic environments. With limited exceptions, it is shown that few long-term studies of trends in heavy metal transport are available although, for some major rivers, limited data on trends in metal concentration exists. Palaeolimnological reconstruction techniques, based on an analysis of lake and reservoir sediments, are identified as a possible means of supplementing monitored records of heavy metal transport. Although numerous studies have suggested that trends in atmospheric contamination, mining and urbanization may be identified in the bottom sediment record, other research has shown that the radionuclide-based chronology and the heavy metal distribution within the sediment are more likely to be a function of post-depositional remobilization than the history of metal loading to the basin. Despite these limitations, it is shown that the incorporation of reservoir bottom sediment analysis into a heavy metal research programme, based in river corridors of Midland England, provides an opportunity to identify and quantify the relative contribution of point and non-point contributions to the heavy metal budget and to relate trends in metal contamination to specific periods of catchment disturbance.

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Section: Sediment-water Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment-water Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in the hydrological cycle: Trends and explanation

1996

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“…In order to apply the correction for sediment particle masking (Schallenberg et al 1989), quartz-corrected water content was determined by calculating the water content after removing the mass of quartz particles (>63 ~m) by dry sieving (De Groot et al 1982).…”

Section: Other Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Sediment Bacteria in Lakes and Comparisons with Other Aquatic Ecosystems

Schallenberg¹,

Kalff²

1993

Ecology

128

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, Abstract. We have analyzed our own data set as well as a number of previously published ones to examine factors related to the numbers and biomass of sediment bacteria in a variety of ecosystems. We have chosen to express sediment variables either on an areal or per unit sediment volume basis to avoid bias due to the more common standardization to sediment dry mass (also known as gram dry weight). Cross-system comparisons show that the amount of organic matter present and the sediment water content are important to sediment bacterial abundance. The C:N ratio of the sediment organic matter, possibly reflecting organic matter quality, was found to explain variation in bacterial numbers in addition to that explained by organic content. Over a broad range, sediment water content is related to sediment bacterial numbers in a unimodal fashion indicating dilution of sediments by water at high (> 80%) water content sites and dilution by inorganic particles at low (< 50%) water content sites. In lakes, the most important factors explaining sediment bacterial biomass were sediment water content and hydraulic flushing rate, a finding supported by analysis of an independent data set of English lakes. Planktonic chlorophyll a and planktonic bacterial numbers (both reflecting autochthonous organic matter levels) were not significantly related to sediment bacterial biomass. We found that sediments overlain by epilimnetic water had significantly higher bacterial biomass than those overlain by hypolimnetic water. A strong positive relationship between macrobenthos and sediment bacterial biomass was found for lakes in Ontario and Quebec. Calculations of annual bacterial production and P:B ratios necessary to sustain the macrobenthic population, based on the observed bacterial and macrobenthic biomass and temperature at our sites, indicate that the bacterial biomass present is more than sufficient to maintain the macrobenthos. In addition, based on the observed ratios of bacterial to detrital carbon at our sites and on a range of published assimilation efficiencies for macrobenthos grazing on these carbon sources, we calculated that the mean percentage of carbon of bacterial origin assimilatable by macrobenthos at our sites is 53% with a maximum of 79% and a minimum of 12%. Our results suggest a tighter trophic linkage between sediment bacteria and macrobenthos in our lakes than in most marine habitats, as indicated by published studies. From these analyses, the general picture emerges of a decoupling between pelagic and benthic bacterial processes in lakes, the pelagic ones being driven mainly by autochthonous production and the benthic ones by a...

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“…Samples were stored in the dark at 4°C for a period of 48 h before sequential extraction. Triplicate fresh sediment samples were extracted according to a scheme slightly modified from de Groot et al [42], resulting in four geochemically different fractions. Exchangeable metals were analyzed in NH,-acetate extracts (pH 7), reducible metals in acidified (0.01 M HCI) hydroxylamine, the organic fraction in 30% HzO, extracts (pH 2.5) and the residual fraction in concentrated HNO, digests (PTFE bombs, 170°C).…”

Section: Sediments and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic and biotic factors influencing in situ trace metal levels in macroinvertebrates in freshwater ecosystems

Hattum

Timmermans

Govers

1991

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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We examined the potential of a multiple regression model, including both biotic and abiotic variables, to predict trace metal levels (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in benthic invertebrate communities from various aquatic habitats in The Netherlands. Variables included in the regression model and their relative contribution to the predictive power appeared to be highly element‐specific. Sediment‐ and water‐related abiotic variables were especially important for the prediction of Cd, Pb and, to a lesser extent, Zn. For the essential trace metals, the biotic variables such as the presence of hemocyanin (in the case of Cu) and trophic level (Zn) appeared to have a dominant influence. Species‐body weight showed a negative log‐linear relationship with trace metal levels of Pb and, to a lesser extent, Cu and Cd. For all metals, significant coefficients of multiple correlation were observed. The variance in invertebrate trace metal levels explained by the model ranged from 25% for Zn to 37% for Cd and Cu. For all trace metals, the introduction of biotic variables resulted in a significant increase in predictive power (p < 0.02), compared to the use of only abiotic predictors. Marked differences in predictive power of the model were observed among various species or taxonomic categories. For several species remarkably significant relationships were revealed, indicating the potential usefulness of the organisms for biological monitoring and further modeling studies.

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Standardization of methods of analysis for heavy metals in sediments

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Heavy metals in the hydrological cycle: Trends and explanation

Heavy metals in the hydrological cycle: Trends and explanation

The Ecology of Sediment Bacteria in Lakes and Comparisons with Other Aquatic Ecosystems

Abiotic and biotic factors influencing in situ trace metal levels in macroinvertebrates in freshwater ecosystems

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