2021
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01147-6
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Standardization of normal values for cardiac chamber size in echocardiography

Abstract: Echocardiography is used worldwide to evaluate cardiac size and function. To determine what values are abnormal, it is essential to establish normal reference values for echocardiography. The current guidelines for chamber quantification specify normative values for cardiac chambers and recommend that gender and body size be taken into account. However, these normative data were established using databases for which a variety of measurement methods were used and the majority of subjects consisted of Whites in … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 87 publications
(186 reference statements)
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“…(B) For radiomics features, we selected a normalization method for feature processing, aiming to eliminate dimensional differences between different features, avoid possible deviation in the model training, improve the convenience of data processing, and speed up the model convergence ( 40 , 41 ). Normalization helps to ensure dimensional unity between different features, thus improving the robustness and generalizability of the model ( 42 , 43 ). Normalization refers to scaling the data so that it falls within a specific interval.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(B) For radiomics features, we selected a normalization method for feature processing, aiming to eliminate dimensional differences between different features, avoid possible deviation in the model training, improve the convenience of data processing, and speed up the model convergence ( 40 , 41 ). Normalization helps to ensure dimensional unity between different features, thus improving the robustness and generalizability of the model ( 42 , 43 ). Normalization refers to scaling the data so that it falls within a specific interval.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Considerable geographic variations in RA size and function were identified. Asian individuals of both sexes had significantly lower BSA than non-Asian individuals, and their 2D and three-dimensional (3D) end-systolic RA volumes were significantly smaller even after BSA indexing [16] , [17] .In addition to sex and age, multivariable regression identified body mass index, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) as independent key correlates of the RA volume in both sexes [15] .…”
Section: Ra Sizementioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 The role of CT over 2D echocardiography for the creation of normal reference ranges also can be argued, but echocardiography remains the most widely used tool for cardiac imaging. 7 Along with sex, current normal ranges also account for age and body surface area (BSA). 4,8 In general, aortic root and ascending aorta dimensions increase with increasing age and BSA.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Normal values came from small samples in which the majority of subjects were White individuals in America or Europe. 5,7,12 Outside of echocardiography, racial differences in medicine already have been acknowledged when it comes to reference intervals for common laboratory tests. 13 Similarly, risks of adverse events due to a common medical problem, such as hypertension, vary with race.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%