Standardizing the assessment of emotional development in adults with intellectual and developmental disability

Sappok, Tanja; Došen, Anton; Zepperitz, Sabine; Barrett, Brian Fergus; Vonk, Jolanda; Schanze, Christian; Ilic, Marie; Bergmann, Thomas; Neve, Leen De; Birkner, Joana; Zaal, Sandra; Bertelli, Marco O.; Hudson, Mark; Morisse, Filip; Sterkenburg, P.S.

doi:10.1111/jar.12697

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These factors are frequent causes of overestimation and incomprehension. With an intellectual disability or attachment disturbance, disharmony arises between cognitive and socio-emotional developmental levels [ 15 , 16 ]. It is only successful to appeal to a patient’s autonomy and responsibility when these are aligned with the person’s skills and needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consultations for refractory cases in mental health services: a descriptive study

Stringer¹,

Mocking

Rammers³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Yearly, almost six percent, which is more than 1,000.000 people, in the Netherlands receive mental health treatment, which usually improves their quality of life. Concurrently, mental healthcare professionals recognize clinically refractory cases in which improvement fails to occur, with severe ongoing burdens for patients. The Dutch Centre for Consultation and Expertise (CCE) is available to support such refractory cases. The Dutch government’s (financial) facilitation of consultation through the CCE is unique in the world. CCE consultations provide therefore unique insight into and an overview of refractory cases in mental health services. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the commonalities underlying the reasons for CCE consultations and the solutions proposed that play roles in (the reduction of) refractory cases for which consultation has been requested. Methods This descriptive study was conducted with quantitative and qualitative data from 472 CCE consultations in the Netherlands. Using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis, four exemplary situations were distilled from the qualitative data. Results Most (83%) cases in the sample could be explained with four exemplary situations involving self-harm (24.2%), aggression (21.8%), self-neglect (24.4%), and socially unacceptable behavior (12.5%), respectively. Each situation could be characterized by a specific interaction pattern that unintentionally maintained or aggravated the situation. At the time of closure of the consultation applicants’ questions had been answered and their situations had improved in 60.4% of cases. Conclusions This study offers an overview of approaches that provided new perspectives for patients and professionals in many refractory cases in the Dutch mental health services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consultations for refractory cases in mental health services: a descriptive study

Stringer¹,

Mocking

Rammers³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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“…Index cases for each level of ED standardise the scoring and allow the raters to compare their results with other administrators (Sappok et al . 2020a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interviews last from 30 to 60 min and are conducted with two to five informants, who are either family members or close caregivers, that is, they know the respective person well, so they can determine their typical behaviours in various situations and aspects of daily life. Index cases for each level of ED standardise the scoring and allow the raters to compare their results with other administrators (Sappok et al 2020a).…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale of Emotional Development – Short: reliability and validity in adults with intellectual disability

Flachsmeyer,

Sterkenburg,

Barrett

et al. 2023

J intellect Disabil Res

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BackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is often associated with delays in emotional development (ED). The Scale of Emotional Development – Short (SED‐S) was developed to assess the level of ED and to adapt treatment and care accordingly.MethodsIn a sample of 724 adults from five study sites in three countries, a confirmatory factor analysis with a one‐factor model was conducted on the entire dataset as well as in different subgroups. Furthermore, internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single‐factor model fits the SED‐S data well. The subgroup analyses revealed good model fit, regardless of the severity of ID and irrespective of sex or the presence of autism spectrum disorder or psychiatric disorders. Internal consistency was excellent for the entire sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and various subgroups (0.869–0.938).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the SED‐S is psychometrically sound and can be used to assess the level of ED in adults with ID.

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“…Delayed social–emotional development and associated neglect of basic emotional and support needs result in stress and consequently possibly challenging behavior [ 7 ]. To provide adequate care matching the emotional functioning and needs of persons with intellectual disability, the Scale for Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) has been developed and studied in children with and without intellectual disabilities [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] as well as in adults [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The SED-S is based on the Scheme for Appraisal of Emotional Development (SAED) [ 16 ], the Scale for Emotional Development–Revised (SED-R) [ 17 ], and the SED-R2 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than a Physical Problem: The Effects of Physical and Sensory Impairments on the Emotional Development of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Sterkenburg

Ilic²,

Flachsmeyer

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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With the introduction of the ICD-11 and DSM-5, indicators of adaptive behavior, including social–emotional skills, are in focus for a more comprehensive understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. Emotional skills can be assessed with the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S). To date, little is known about the effects of physical disorders and sensory impairments on a person’s developmental trajectory. The SED-S was applied in 724 adults with intellectual disabilities, of whom 246 persons had an additional physical and/or sensory impairment. Ordinal regression analyses revealed an association of movement disorders with more severe intellectual disability and lower levels of emotional development (ED) on the overall and domain levels (Others, Body, Material, and Communication). Visual impairments predicted lower levels of ED in the SED-S domains Material and Body, but not the overall level of ED. Hearing impairments were not associated with intellectual disability or ED. Epilepsy correlated only with the severity of intellectual disability. Multiple impairments predicted more severe intellectual disabilities and lower levels of overall ED. In conclusion, physical and sensory impairments may not only affect physical development but may also compromise intellectual and emotional development, which should be addressed in early interventions.

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Standardizing the assessment of emotional development in adults with intellectual and developmental disability

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Consultations for refractory cases in mental health services: a descriptive study

Consultations for refractory cases in mental health services: a descriptive study

Scale of Emotional Development – Short: reliability and validity in adults with intellectual disability

More than a Physical Problem: The Effects of Physical and Sensory Impairments on the Emotional Development of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

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