Standards for Smart Manufacturing: A review

Abstract

Manufacturing is becoming smart with capabilities of self-awareness, autonomous decision-making, and adaptive excitation and collaboration. Standardization is a crucial enabler for achieving the required intelligence for smart manufacturing. Though a large number of efforts have been made to the development of manufacturing standards, there is still a significant research gap to be fulfilled. This paper reviews the landscape of existing standards in the context of smart manufacturing and offers guidance on the selection of the standards for different smart manufacturing applications.

Digital Twin of Product Life Cycle

“…consumer [36]. "Digital or Smart Manufacturing" refers to the information and communication technology that enables all users in the chain of custody and enterprise levels of the value chain of products to digitally connect and perform data-driven analytics, resulting in intelligent integration of supply and demand matching, a quicker time reaching consumers, mass customization, benefits from cost reduction, and machine maintenance.…”

“…The physical system receives the optimized plan and other visual data for execution. All models cooperate and work independently to build a closed-loop preventative care platform throughout this iterative, near-real-time process [14,35,36].…”

Industrial IoT, Cyber Threats, and Standards Landscape: Evaluation and Roadmap

“…as shown in Figures 2 and 3. To mitigate such risks, it is recommended to thoroughly understand and implement cybersecurity standards [27,28]. However, only a handful number of industries implement them effectively and fewer again understand their existing security maturity level when aligned with the industry's current risk level.…”

Condition Monitoring of Manufacturing Processes under Low Sampling Rate

“…Additionally, process monitoring research still focuses on design, as highlighted by the review of Imad et al [14], Hopkins and Hosseini [15]. Lu et al [16] review the deployment of the STEP-NC standard for a CNC system programming interface that enables bi-directional communication between machine tool controllers, computer-aided design (CAD)/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, monitoring software, etc. Unfortunately, Lu et al [16] reveal that most CNC controller vendors are not compliant with the standard.…”

“…Lu et al [16] review the deployment of the STEP-NC standard for a CNC system programming interface that enables bi-directional communication between machine tool controllers, computer-aided design (CAD)/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, monitoring software, etc. Unfortunately, Lu et al [16] reveal that most CNC controller vendors are not compliant with the standard. The authors also state that STEP-NC could be used for cloud manufacturing frameworks, such as the ones presented by Caggiano [17] or Siddhartha et al [18], but manufacturers seem reluctant to the use of this open standard citing legacy machine compatibility problems for older machines and the high cost of early adoption, hindering development in this field.…”