Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. I.

Objective: Oestrogens are used to inhibit growth in girls with constitutionally tall stature. We studied the changes in different hormones that accompany such therapy. Subjects and methods:In this longitudinal study we examined the levels of total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), free thyroxine (FT 4 ), thyrotrophin (TSH), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), cortisol and prolactin in two groups of girls receiving ethinyloestradiol at a dose of either 0.1 mg daily (group A, n = 22) or 0.2 mg daily (group B, n = 36). Hormonal measurements were performed at start of therapy and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: In both groups the levels of IGF-I, testosterone and DHEA-S were reduced while the concentrations of cortisol and prolactin were increased. The pituitary-thyroid axis was not significantly affected by this therapy. The girls receiving 0.2 mg ethinyloestradiol daily had lower IGF-I levels after 12 months of therapy and had higher serum prolactin concentrations than the girls treated with 0.1 mg daily. The reduction in predicted height and the advancement in bone age were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Therapy with pharmacological doses of ethinyloestradiol changes the levels of several hormones including IGF-I, testosterone, DHEA-S, prolactin and cortisol but the role of the respective changes in the inhibition of growth is not clear. The suppression of DHEA-S levels by 40% suggests that the ovaries contribute significantly to the production of this hormone in pubertal girls.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal changes during the first year of oestrogen treatment in constitutionally tall girls

Wajs-Kuto

Beeck²,

Rooman³

et al. 1999

“…BA was evaluated according to the method of Greulich & Pyle (23), and pubertal stage according to the procedure of Marshall & Tanner (24,25). Height was expressed as SDS for CA and BA, and height velocity as SDS for BA, according to Tanner standards (26,27). In the subjects with BA >6 years, predicted height was calculated with the method of Bayley & Pinneau (28) at the beginning of treatment and at onset of puberty in the subjects initially prepubertal; these data were compared with the final height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final height of patients treated for isolated GH deficiency: examination of 83 patients

Cacciari

Cicognani

Pirazzoli

et al. 1997

The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively the influence of various auxological and laboratory parameters on final height in a group of GH-deficient children after replacement therapy and to compare their final height with that of a group of short children with normal GH secretion and hence not treated.The final height was evaluated of 83 patients (51 males and 32 females) affected by idiopathic isolated GH deficiency and treated with recombinant human GH (hGH) for 2-7 years. Inclusion criteria at the start of treatment were short stature (mean height for chronological age in standard deviation score (SDS) ¹2.21) due to idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (GH peak <8 mg/l after two pharmacological tests and/or mean GH concentration <3.3 mg/l during the night) and treatment with recombinant hGH for at least 2 years at a dose of 15-20 U/m 2 per week by s.c. injection for 6 or 7 days/ week. Mean chronological age at diagnosis was 12.2 Ϯ 1.7 years; 35 were prepubertal and 48 pubertal. The final height of 51 untreated short stature (mean height for chronological age in SDS ¹2.13 at diagnosis) subjects (42 males and 9 females; 29 prepubertal and 22 pubertal at diagnosis with mean chronological age 11.6 Ϯ 2.4 years) with normal GH secretion was also evaluated.In the treated subjects final height SDS was higher than that of the untreated group (¹1.3 vs ¹1.7 SDS; P ¼ 0.01). Both treated and untreated subjects showed a final height lower than target height, but 39% of the treated subjects vs only 20% of the untreated group (P ¼ 0.035) had a final height greater than target height. In the treated subjects this percentage was higher in the patients improving their height for bone age in the first years of therapy. While treated females showed a positive correlation only between target and final height (P ¼ 0.0001), in treated males final height correlated with the Bayley-Pinneau prediction at diagnosis, height for chronological age and bone age at diagnosis and target height. Patients who started therapy before puberty also showed these correlations with data calculated at the onset of puberty, together with a correlation with chronological age at the onset of puberty.When considering the influence of GH response at tests on final height, the percentage of subjects exceeding target height increased progressively according to the severity of the GH deficiency. There was no difference in height gain between the patients starting therapy before or during puberty. The height gain, however modest, obtained by our treated patients, the number of patients with final height greater than target height and the favourable comparison with the untreated short-stature subjects represent a promising result, which could be improved by personalizing treatment. European Journal of Endocrinology 137 53-60

“…BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height 2 (m 2 ). Pubertal development was clinically assessed based on secondary sexual characteristics according to Tanner's criteria (21). None of the subjects had begun puberty.…”

Section: Auxological and Blood Pressure Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating proinflammatory peptides related to abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy prepubertal children

Galcheva¹,

Iotova²,

Yotov

et al. 2011

Objectives: To analyze the circulating levels of proinflammatory peptides in healthy prepubertal children in relation to abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC), and to investigate their interactions with cardiometabolic risk factors. Design and methods: A cross-sectional study of 137 healthy prepubertal children with a mean age of 8.0G0.1 years divided into three groups according to their WC as a measure of abdominal obesity: 'normal-WC' children (25th-75th percentile, nZ48), 'children at risk' (75th-90th percentile, nZ39), and 'abdominally obese' (R90th percentile, nZ50) children. Auxological measurements and blood pressure (BP) were taken. Fasting levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Results: Abdominally obese children had significantly higher BP, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) compared with their normal-WC counterparts (P!0.05). HsCRP concentrations increased proportionally with the degree of abdominal obesity (rZ0.443, P!0.0001), whereas IL6 and TNF-a were not significantly associated with any of the adiposity variables. After controlling for adiposity, hsCRP was significantly correlated with systolic BP (rZ0.257, PZ0.004), TNF-a levels were related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; rZK0.216, PZ0.016) and TG (rZ0.196, PZ0.029), whereas the relationship between IL6 and HDL-C reduced its magnitude to an insignificant level (rZK0.173, PZ0.055). Conclusions: Healthy prepubertal children with abdominal obesity have associated inflammatory and cardiometabolic alterations, interacting with each other.