Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. II.

Tanner, J. M.; Whitehouse, R. H.; Takaishi, Masahiro

doi:10.1136/adc.41.220.613

Cited by 1,931 publications

(722 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The wording of the questions referred to`food' supplements and although there is some ambiguity in this term it was interpreted by parents to mean vitamin and/or mineral supplements. Children's heights were measured in school by trained nurses, using a portable Holtain stadiometer following Tanner et al (1966) methodology, and recorded to the last 0.1 cm with 10% of measurements checked by a ®eldworker from the study team. Ethnic groups was assessed subjectively by a member of this team.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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Objective: To determine the levels of and factors associated with the use of nutritional supplements by children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth (NSHG). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Fifty-six study areas in England and Scotland. Subjects: Fifteen thousand, two hundred and seventy ®ve children aged between 4 and 12 y. Interventions: Parental completion of a self-administered questionnaire on the child's health, social background and supplement use. Height, weight and skinfold measurements. Results: An 88% response rate to the supplement question, 15.9% of responders reported using a supplement. Multivitamins were the most commonly consumed supplement (84%) with 52% taking a supplement daily. Younger children, those whose mothers reached further education, whose fathers were in non-manual occupations or who lived in the Midlands or South were signi®cantly more likely to use a supplement, as were children from smaller families or whose parents were non-smokers. There was no signi®cant association between supplement use and sex, height, birthweight, length of gestation, father's education, number of parents in the home or vegetarianism. Signi®cant differences were found in the use of supplements between the ethnic origin groups. Children of Afro-Caribbean, Asian or other origin were more likely to take a supplement compared to white English and Scottish groups. There were differences in the type of supplements used with Afro-Caribbean and other origin children using more cod liver oil. Conclusion:We support the ®ndings of other studies which show that children with the least need for supplements as de®ned by socio-economic variables are more likely to receive them and suggest that cultural background is also an important factor in in¯uencing supplement use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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“…Head circumference was measured using a tape placed around the child's head and passing the prominence of the occiput posteriorly and crossing the forehead superior to the supraorbital ridges. Weight and height/length were plotted on standard percentile growth charts by Tanner et al, 11 and the closest percentile for age was recorded. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height squared (meters squared).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxological evaluation in patients with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (deletion 22q11.2 syndrome)

Digilio¹,

Marino²,

Cappa³

et al. 2001

Genetics in Medicine

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in Group I, 5 of 37 (13.5%) patients were below the 3rd percentile, 29 of 37 (78.3%) were below the mean percentile, none was overweight; in Group II, 13 of 20 (65%) patients were between the 10th and the 50th percentiles; in Group III, weight corresponded to the 97th percentile in 5 of 16 (31.2%) patients, and in 2/16 (12.5%) adolescents, the weight measurements were even above the 97th percentile. Height: short stature was detected in 7 of 73 (9.6%) of the total patients; the patients with short stature were all Ͻ 10 years old; the height was within the normal age in all adolescent patients. Head circumference: it was below the 3rd percentile in 7 of 73 (9.6%), between the 3rd and the 25th percentiles in 36 of 73 (49.3%) patients, between the 25th and the 75th percentiles in 20 of 73 (27.3%) patients, and between the 75th and the 97th percentiles in 10 of 73 (13.7%) patients. Bone age: mean Ϯ SD bone age was -0.25 Ϯ 0.78 years. Comparisons: the only statistically significant correlation was that between the presence of feeding difficulties and underweight. Conclusion: Auxological parameters of children with del22q11 are characterized by: (1) weight deficiency in the first years of age, (2) weight normalization in the following years, (3) development of obesity in adolescence, (4) short stature in 10% of the patients, (5) normal height in adolescents, (6) slight delay in bone age in infancy, (7)

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“…Children were positioned and height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm according to the method of Tanner et al 9 …”

Section: Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition of healthy 7- and 8-year-old children and a comparison with the ‘reference child’

Ruxton¹,

Reilly

Kirk

1999

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: There are few longitudinal data on body composition in healthy children. This has prompted a reliance on notional standards such as the`reference child', to validate new methods of determining body composition and comparing cross-sectional height, weight and fatness data. OBJECTIVES: These were twofold Ð to provide normative longitudinal data on changes in body composition in healthy pre-pubertal children, and to compare measures of growth and body composition with the appropriate agespeci®c reference child. DESIGN: A sample of healthy Scottish children aged 7 ± 8 y (n 257) was recruited during 1991a1992. Data on height, weight, skinfold thickness and resistance from bioelectrical impedance analysis were collected twice, 12 months apart. Percentage body fat was estimated from both skinfolds and bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS: Fat and fat-free mass, but not body mass index, differed between boys and girls. All measurements increased signi®cantly over the 12 month period except percentage body fat from skinfolds in boys. The reference child comparison revealed that our sample was taller, heavier and fatter and gained weight and fat mass at a greater rate than the Fomon standards. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the children in this study suggest that the reference child has a body composition which is now out of date. This may have important implications for body composition methodology. New references for height and weight may be required, but an upgrading of the body fat reference may con¯ict with public health aims to reduce obesity.

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Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. II.

Cited by 1,931 publications

References 27 publications

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

Auxological evaluation in patients with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (deletion 22q11.2 syndrome)

Body composition of healthy 7- and 8-year-old children and a comparison with the ‘reference child’

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