Standing Excitation Waves in the Heart Induced by Strong Alternating Electric Fields

Gray, Richard A.; Mornev, O.A.; Jalife, José; Aslanidi, Oleg; Pertsov, Arkady M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.168104

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical reaction system, modulation of excitability through local changes in illumination of a light sensitive catalyst allowed control of wave propagation [11]. Electric fields modulated activity propagation in heart tissue [12]. The propagation speed of excitation waves in neocortex has been slowed by pharmacologically interfering with chemical synaptic transmission [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Traveling Waves in the Mammalian Cortex

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We experimentally confirmed predictions that modulation of the neuronal threshold with electrical fields can speed up, slow down, and even block traveling waves in neocortical slices. The predictions are based on a Wilson-Cowan-type integro-differential equation model of propagating neocortical activity. Wave propagation could be modified quickly and reversibly within targeted regions of the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of direct modulation of the threshold to control wave propagation in a neural system.Traveling waves in excitable media are commonly observed in physical [1,2], chemical [3], and biological [4][5][6] systems. Mathematical models have been developed in conjunction with these experimental systems to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics and infer how individual experimental parameters of the system, such as threshold, contribute to these dynamics [5,[7][8][9][10]. Rapid access to system parameters would offer the means to control pattern formation and dynamics in these systems.Successful modulation of dynamics has been accomplished in chemical, cardiac, and neural systems. In the Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical reaction system, modulation of excitability through local changes in illumination of a light sensitive catalyst allowed control of wave propagation [11]. Electric fields modulated activity propagation in heart tissue [12]. The propagation speed of excitation waves in neocortex has been slowed by pharmacologically interfering with chemical synaptic transmission [13].It has been previously shown that electric fields can modulate neuronal thresholds by quickly and reversibly polarizing asymmetric neurons [14]. Electric fields as small as 140 μV/mm have been observed to modulate neural firing [15]. Polarization occurs on time scales of about 20 ms and can be maintained for many seconds or minutes [16]. Applied electric fields have been used to adaptively control seizure formation in vitro [17], modulate epileptiform activity in vivo, and dynamically probe activity changes associated with impending seizures [18].We show here that electric fields can quickly alter traveling wave dynamics in ways predicted by theory through direct modulation of neuronal threshold. To our knowledge, this is the first report of control of wave propagation through direct modulation of excitability threshold in any neural system. Wilson and Cowan [19] developed a set of integro-differential equations to form a continuum model of cortex which demonstrated traveling waves. This model was recently modified [20] to represent traveling pulse propagation in disinhibited neocortex [21]. The model predicts that

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Traveling Waves in the Mammalian Cortex

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Importantly, the external voltage did not decay exponentially with distance from the boundaries, as predicted by the classical cable theory [13,20,21]. Mechanisms of this phenomenon, which can be empirically explained by fast spread of the external voltage stimulus through the conductive bathing medium [7,10], will be discussed in detail below.…”

Section: D Standing Wavesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…(1)-(3) were solved using an explicit Euler's method in X × Y mm 2 uniform isotropic canine ventricular tissue, with the following set of boundary conditions [7]:…”

Section: D Standing Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments with the rabbit heart have shown that its periodic driving with low-voltage pulses (amplitude 20-40 V, frequency 5-20 Hz) applied through a bipolar electrode in the external bathing medium resulted in steady periodic patterns of depolarisation on the heart surface -standing waves [7]. Such waves eliminated all types of propagating activity in the cardiac tissue, including reentry and VF, with a success rate of 100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aslanidi). extracellular spaces of the tissue, which took into account the bathing medium, allowed simulation of the standing waves [7,10]. It was suggested that the conductive bathing medium redistributes the applied voltage from electrodes through the whole tissue, generating standing waves and allowing defibrillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanisms of defibrillation by standing waves in the bidomain ventricular tissue with voltage applied in an external bath

Aslanidi

Benson

Boyett

et al. 2009

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical complexity: Spontaneous and engineered structures

Kiss

Hudson

2003

AIChE Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionC omplexity abounds in chemically and biologically reacting systems: concentration waves and other complicated timevarying patterns form on the surface of a single crystal catalyst under isothermal, ultra-high vacuum conditions and patterns of concentrations and electrical potential occur in electrochemical reactions; neurons interact through the transmission of electrical and chemical signals; spiral waves and turbulent concentration motion occur in cardiac tissue; and complex calcium waves including spirals form in frog oocytes. To chemical engineers, this may be hardly surprising: in many traditional examples, such as a fixedbed reactor, concentrations and temperature vary throughout the bed and change with time. In some other fields, however, the importance of spatiotemporal dynamics is more recent news.Each of the above examples is a complex system made up of a number of coupled interacting, nonlinear processes. Over a period of years beginning in the 1950s sophisticated contributions of many groups appeared on the nonlinear behavior obtainable in a stirred open reactor (the CSTR) and on the bifurcation structure leading to multiple steady states and oscillations (Aris and Amundson, 1958). This reactor type was subsequently used to show the existence, characterization, and control of chaotic behavior in chemical systems.In chemically reacting systems the reaction rate is typically a function of both space and time, and greater complexities set in when spatial variations are allowed. We discuss in this perspective the spatiotemporal patterns that occur in dissipative distributed chemically reacting systems, how the interaction of nonlinear reaction and coupling among reaction sites determines structure, and how such structure can be controlled and engineered through external signals (pacemakers), feedback, and patterned catalytic structure. Spontaneous and Engineered Pattern FormationThe degree of interaction among reacting sites is influenced both by the local reaction rate and the range and strength of the coupling. The synchronization theories of Winfree and Kuramoto on the emergence of coherence as coupling is imposed have played a fundamental role in the development of the field of nonlinear science dealing with collective dynamics (Winfree, 1980;Kuramoto, 1984). Even weak coupling can produce significant changes in the collective, or overall, behavior of a system. Strong interactions produce not only spatial patterns, but also changes of the dynamics of the individual sites. A classic example of the change in local dynamics through interactions is diffusion induced chemical turbulence in which local coupling of periodic oscillators produces chaos.In chemically reacting systems both the local and overall reaction rates can be influenced by synchronization of reaction sites. Other engineering applications of synchronization include microwave communications, high-power laser devices, and superconducting electronic systems. Visual and audio interactions make crickets chirp, fireflies flash, and ...

show abstract

Standing Excitation Waves in the Heart Induced by Strong Alternating Electric Fields

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Control of Traveling Waves in the Mammalian Cortex

Control of Traveling Waves in the Mammalian Cortex

Mechanisms of defibrillation by standing waves in the bidomain ventricular tissue with voltage applied in an external bath

Chemical complexity: Spontaneous and engineered structures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About