Stanford Sleepiness Scale

Hoddes, Eric; Zarcone, Vincent P.; Smythe, H; Phillips, Russell E.; Dement, William C.

doi:10.1037/t07116-000

Cited by 75 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…A 7-point rating scale was used to assess subjective sleepiness, ranging from 1 “ feeling active, vital, alert, or wide awake ” to 7 “ no longer fighting sleep, sleep onset soon; having dream-like thoughts ” 37 . The SSS has been found to predict performance on tasks that assess alertness, such as reaction time and vigilance tests 38 , 39 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftwork

Chandrakumar

Dorrian

Banks

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Higher and lower levels of alertness typically lead to a leftward and rightward bias in attention, respectively. This relationship between alertness and spatial attention potentially has major implications for health and safety. The current study examined alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftworking conditions. Nineteen healthy right-handed participants (M = 24.6 ± 5.3 years, 11 males) completed a seven-day laboratory based simulated shiftwork study. Measures of alertness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and spatial attention (Landmark Task and Detection Task) were assessed across the protocol. Detection Task performance revealed slower reaction times and higher omissions of peripheral (compared to central) stimuli, with lowered alertness; suggesting narrowed visuospatial attention and a slight left-sided neglect. There were no associations between alertness and spatial bias on the Landmark Task. Our findings provide tentative evidence for a slight neglect of the left side and a narrowing of attention with lowered alertness. The possibility that one’s ability to sufficiently react to information in the periphery and the left-side may be compromised under conditions of lowered alertness highlights the need for future research to better understand the relationship between spatial attention and alertness under shiftworking conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftwork

Chandrakumar

Dorrian

Banks

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Before and after memory encoding, as well as before and after the midday nap, all subjects completed questionnaires for mood, drive, affectivity (100‐mm visual analogue scales, ASES [19]), tiredness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS [7]); after finishing the experiment (at about 3:35 pm ), they completed questionnaires to evaluate the general level of daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS [10]) and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (D‐MEQ [8]). Additionally, two resting periods (3 min each) with eyes open and eyes closed were recorded prior to the learning task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Midday Naps on Declarative Memory Performance and Motivation. Der Einfluss von Mittagsschlafchen auf deklarative Gedachtnisleistung und Motivation

et al. 2005

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Question of the study In the current literature it is still matter of discussion in which ways sleep might be beneficial for memory consolidation/enhancement. Former studies successfully demonstrated that sleep after learning produces greater (procedural/implicit) memory enhancements than equal amounts of waking. As far as naps are concerned, only few studies have been published on this issue; with respect to the influence of naps on declarative/explicit memory performance, there is even a complete lack of empirical data. Subjects and methods To find out whether 60-min naps (time in bed) might have a positive effect on declarative memory performance, we tested 22 subjects aged between 19 and 30 years. Subjects were trained on a declarative word-pair association task (prior to sleep) and were tested (cued recall) before and after 1 h of midday napping. Results Overall performance was significantly greater after sleep than before the nap. The data indicated that only those participants entering slow wave sleep (M ¼ 18.23 min) during the nap showed memory enhancement thereafter. Furthermore, quantitative EEG analyses revealed strong positive associations of (occipital) theta activity during the nap with memory performance enhancement. Conclusions In conclusion, the present findings support the sleep-dependent memory consolidation hypothesis and extend its scope to declarative learning in short midday naps. ZusammenfassungFragestellung In der aktuellen Literatur wird nach wie vor diskutiert, ob und auf welche Art und Weise Gedächtniskonsolidierung bzw. Gedächtnisverbesserung von Schlaf profitiert. Vorangegangene experimentelle Befunde stützen die Hypothese, dass Schlaf-im Vergleich zu äquivalenten Wachphasen-unmittelbar nach dem Lernen die (prozedural/implizite) Gedächtnisleistung stärker verbessert. Zum Thema Mittagschlaf und Gedächtniskonsolidierung existieren kaum (publizierte) Studien, wobei empirische Daten zu deklarativ-explizitem Gedächtnis praktisch gänzlich fehlen. Probanden und Methodik Um zu untersuchen, ob ein 60-minütiges (Bettzeit) Nickerchen einen positiven Einfluß auf die deklarative Gedächtnisleistung hat, wurden 22 Versuchspersonen (Alter: 19-30 Jahre) getestet. Die Versuchspersonen trainierten vor dem Nickerchen eine deklarative Wortpaar-Assoziationsaufgabe und wurden jeweils unmittelbar nach dem Lernen bzw. nach einem einstündigen Nickerchen getestet (,,cued recall''). Ergebnisse Insgesamt hatten die Versuchspersonen nach dem Nickerchen eine signifikant bessere Gedächtnisleistung. Es zeigte sich weiter, dass sich nur die Gedächtnisleistung jener Versuchspersonen verbesserte, deren Nickerchen auch Tiefschlaf (M ¼ 18,23 min) beinhaltete. Eine quantitative Analyse des Schlaf-EEGs zeigte zudem einen stark positiven Zusammenhang zwischen okzipitaler Theta-Aktivität und verbesserter Gedächtnisleistung.

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“…The only instruction provided to participants was to keep their eyes open, to relax, and remain awake. To confirm the awareness level and evaluate the extent of sleepiness during MEG acquisition, we used the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (34).…”

Section: Meg Data Acquisition and Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-Specific Resting Connectome in Bipolar Disorder: An MEG Study

et al. 2020

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is associated with a high suicide rate, and for which no clinical biomarker has yet been identified. To address this issue, we investigated the use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) as a new prospective tool. MEG has been used to evaluate frequency-specific connectivity between brain regions; however, no previous study has investigated the frequencyspecific resting-state connectome in patients with BD. This resting-state MEG study explored the oscillatory representations of clinical symptoms of BD via graph analysis. Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 17 patients with BD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state MEG and evaluations for depressive and manic symptoms. After estimating the source current distribution, orthogonalized envelope correlations between multiple brain regions were evaluated for each frequency band. We separated regions-of-interest into seven left and right network modules, including the frontoparietal network (FPN), limbic network (LM), salience network (SAL), and default mode network (DMN), to compare the intra-and inter-community edges between the two groups. Results: In the BD group, we found significantly increased inter-community edges of the right LM-right DMN at the gamma band, and decreased inter-community edges of the right SAL-right FPN at the delta band and the left SAL-right SAL at the theta band. Intracommunity edges in the left LM at the high beta band were significantly higher in the BD group than in the HC group. The number of connections in the left LM at the high beta band showed positive correlations with the subjective and objective depressive symptoms in the BD group. Conclusion: We introduced graph theory into resting-state MEG studies to investigate the functional connectivity in patients with BD. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel approach that may be beneficial in the diagnosis of BD. This study describes the

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Stanford Sleepiness Scale

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

The relationship between alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftwork

The relationship between alertness and spatial attention under simulated shiftwork

Influence of Midday Naps on Declarative Memory Performance and Motivation. Der Einfluss von Mittagsschlafchen auf deklarative Gedachtnisleistung und Motivation

Frequency-Specific Resting Connectome in Bipolar Disorder: An MEG Study

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