Staphylococcal Pneumonia in Influenza

MILLER, WINSTON R.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1962.03620150026005

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that respiratory viral infection may reduce bacterial clearance in the lung [7]. Thus, viral infection may affect the airway mucociliary clearance and local antibacterial defenses, resulting in the development of bacterial proliferation [7]. Furthermore, infection with viruses, including RV, stimulates the alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells and increases the production of various cytokines and ICAM-1 [15,16,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, infection with respiratory viruses, including RV and RSV, may induce adherence of S. pneumoniae to human tracheal epithelial cells via binding to PAF-R. In addition to the impairment of bacterial clearance [7] caused by airway epithelial damage [6,42], increased adherence of S. pneumoniae to airway epithelial cells through binding to PAF-R may be important in the development of bacterial infection. A specific inhibitor for PAF-R may have protective effects against infection by S. pneumoniae after respiratory viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial flora examination has revealed the presence of S. pneumoniae in secretions in the upper respiratory tract of patients infected with various viruses, including rhinovirus (RV) [5]. Because infection with viruses such as influenza virus and adenovirus damages ciliated and nonciliated airway epithelial cells [6], it has been suggested that impairment of mucociliary transport by vi-ral infection allows the colonization of microorganisms in airways [7]. However, cell cytotoxicity does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of RV infection [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Rhinovirus Infection on the Adherence ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells

et al. 2003

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To examine the effects of rhinovirus (RV) infection on the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human tracheal epithelial cells, cells were infected with RV-14, and S. pneumoniae were added to the culture medium. The number of S. pneumoniae adhering to epithelial cells increased after RV infection. Y-24180, a specific inhibitor of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R); PAF; and the pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the number of S. pneumoniae adhering to cells after RV-14 infection. RV-14 infection increased PAF-R expression and the activation of NF-kappaB and promoter-specific transcription factor 1. These findings suggest that RV-14 infection stimulates S. pneumoniae adhesion to airway epithelial cells via increases in PAF-Rs that are partly mediated through activation of transcription factors. Increased adherence of S. pneumoniae may be one of the reasons that pneumonia develops after RV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Rhinovirus Infection on the Adherence ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells

et al. 2003

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“…There is, however, a close relation between influenza A during epidemic periods, and Staph. pyogenes and deaths from influenza are, in many cases, due to this association (Finland, Peterson, and Strauss, 1942;Miller and Jay, 1962).…”

Section: Relationship Of Bacteria To Acutementioning

confidence: 99%