Staphylococcus Aureus in chronic airway diseases: An overview

Flora, Martina; Perrotta, Fabio; Nicolai, Ambra; Maffucci, Rosalba; Pratillo, Anna; Mollica, Mariano; Bianco, Andrea; Calabrese, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2019.07.008

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our data are in line with the recent observation that S. aureus induces type-2 polarization of monocytes/macrophages and the activation of M2-polarized macrophages through the production of enterotoxins. Such polarized macrophages show decreased phagocytosis of S. aureus allowing its long term survival (12,56). Also, macrophages are potent modulators of asthma (57) and experimental studies showed that the inhibition of M2polarization aggravates airway hyperreactivity (58) while vice versa airway hyperreactivity can be alleviated by increased M2 polarization (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today it is accepted that the airways are colonized by microorganisms that interact with the immune system in health and disease (6,7). A significant relationship between Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal carriage and allergic asthma has been recognized (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Furthermore, colonization with S. aureus is associated with atopic dermatitis (13)(14)(15) and chronic rhinosinusitis (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside its role as a commensal, S. aureus may induce deep skin infections and life threatening conditions such as pneumonia, sepsis and toxic shock syndrome (18,24). Up to 80% of isolated S. aureus strains are capable of producing enterotoxins (12,(25)(26)(27) and especially staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), typically associated with food poisoning (26,(28)(29)(30), has come into focus regarding allergic airway inflammation (AAI) (31)(32)(33). SEB belongs to the superantigen family of toxins, which are potent immune activators leading to unspecific lymphocyte activation and pro-inflammatory, mainly type 1 responses that are known to suppress Th2-and allergic responses (34)(35)(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model

et al. 2020

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The superantigen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxin B (SEB) has been proposed a central player in the associations between S. aureus nasal colonization and the development of allergic asthma. Previously, SEB has been shown to aggravate allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in experimental mouse models. Aiming at understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal (i.n.) SEB-treatment divergently modulates AAI depending on the timing and intensity of the SEB-encounter. In an ovalbumin-mediated mouse model of AAI, we treated mice i.n. with 50 ng or 500 ng SEB either together with the allergic challenge or prior to the peripheral sensitization. We observed SEB to affect different hallmark parameters of AAI depending on the timing and the dose of treatment. SEB administered i.n. together with the allergic challenge significantly modulated respiratory leukocyte accumulation, intensified lymphocyte activation and, at the higher dose, induced a strong type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response and alleviated airway hyperreactivity in AAI. SEB administered i.n. prior to the allergic sensitization at the lower dose significantly boosted the specific IgE response while administration of the higher dose led to a significantly reduced recruitment of immune cells, including eosinophils, to the respiratory tract and to a significantly dampened Th-2 cytokine response without inducing a Th-1 or pro-inflammatory response. We show a remarkably versatile potential for SEB to either aggravate or alleviate different parameters of allergic sensitization and AAI. Our study thereby not only highlights the complexity of the associations between S. aureus and allergic asthma but possibly even points at prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model

et al. 2020

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“…Biofilms are the cause of about 65% of chronic diseases in humans [12]. For example, Staphylococcus aureus is able to colonize the upper respiratory tracts and cause chronic diseases such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma [13]. Salmonella [14], Pseudomonas [15], Bacillus [16] and Listeria [17] are biofilm-forming food pathogens, causing the food industry enormous costs each year [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electrochemical microscopy and its potential for studying biofilms and antimicrobial coatings

Caniglia

Kranz

2020

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Biofilms are known to be well-organized microbial communities embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix, which supplies bacterial protection against external stressors. Biofilms are widespread and diverse, and despite the considerable large number of publications and efforts reported regarding composition, structure and cell-to-cell communication within biofilms in the last decades, the mechanisms of biofilm formation, the interaction and communication between bacteria are still not fully understood. This knowledge is required to understand why biofilms form and how we can combat them or how we can take advantage of these sessile communities, e.g. in biofuel cells. Therefore, in situ and real-time monitoring of nutrients, metabolites and quorum sensing molecules is of high importance, which may help to fill that knowledge gap. This review focuses on the potential of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as a versatile method for in situ studies providing temporal and lateral resolution in order to elucidate cell-to-cell communication, microbial metabolism and antimicrobial impact, e.g. of antimicrobial coatings through the study of electrochemical active molecules. Given the complexity and diversity of biofilms, challenges and limitations will be also discussed.

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“…Chronic systemic inflammation state in COPD may have an impact on the natural history of other chronic conditions even if its role is not totally understood 13 . Recent scientific interest has been focusing on biomolecular pathways implicated in cross-talk between organs and their potential in systemic consequences of COPD [14][15][16][17][18] . In this context adipose tissue appears to retain a relevant role 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%