Starch size in loomstate cotton fabric accelerates grafting of methacrylic acid induced by KMnO₄/citric acid system

Abstract

The use of loomstate cotton fabric (starch sized fabric) as a substrate for grafting of methacrylic acid using KMnO,/ citric acid as initiator provided an effective method with greater potentiality. Presence of starch size on the fabric helps the deposition of MnO, over the fabric with subsequent acceleration of the grafting reaction. Major factors affecting polymerization of MAA, such as KMnO,, citric acid and MAA concentrations, as well as reaction time and temperature of polymerization were studied. A tentative mechanism for the polymerization reaction is suggested. Eeschleunigung der durch das Initiatorsystem KMn0,lZitronensaure induzierten Pfropfung uon Methacrylsaure a u f Baurnwollrohgewebe durch die Starkeappretur Der Einsatz von Baumwollrohgewebe (mit Starke geschlichtetes Gewebe) als Substrat fur die Pfropfung von Meth-acSylsaure mit dem Initiatorsystem KMnOp/Zitronensaure ist eine effektive Mcthode mit weitreichenden Anwendungsmoglichkeiten. Die Anwesenheit der Starke auf dem Gewebe begunstigt die Ablagerung von MnO, und damit die Be, schleunigung der Pfropfreaktion. Die wichtigsten Faktoren, die die Polymerisation der Methacrylsaure beeinflussenwie die Konzentrationen des Kaliumpermanganats, der Zitronensaure und des Monomers, sowie die Reaktionszeit und die Temperatur wurden untersucht. Ein Mechanismus der Polymerisationsreaktion wird vorgeschlagen. Y m o p e n u e x p a x m a m n a f i annpemom npoyecea n p u s u s m memalipunoaoii mehornbc K cyposoii x n o n r a m o 6 y~a~n o i L m x a n u , unuyuupyemoii cucmefioii KMn0,lnufionHafi m c n o m akICIIOJIb3OBaHHe CypOBOfi XJIOIIqaTO6yMaXHOfi TKaHH (IIIJIHXTOBaHHOfi KpaXMaJIOM) KBK c y 6 c~p a~ AJIFI npHBHBKH MeTaKpHJIOBOfi KHCJIOTbI B IIp&ICyTCTBHH CMCTeMbI HHHqHaTOpa KMnO,/n&IMoHHasI KHCJIOTa IIpeACTaBJIFIeT c060fi 3@@eKTHBHbIfi MeTOA C IIIHPOKIlMH B03MOXHOCTFIMH IIpHMeHeHHff. npHCyTCTBHe KpaXMaJIa H a TKaHH CnOC06CTByeT OTJIOXeHHIO MnO, H, TeM CaMbIM, YCKOpeHHIO PeaKqHH IIPHBHBKH. M3J"leHbI ~a~6 o n e e BaXHbIe @aKTOpbI BJIHRHHFI Taxme npononmmenbHocTb EI TeMnepaTypa peaKqm. npennaraeTcx M~X~H H~M peaHqm n o n~~e p~3 a q a~. EL SISI, ABDEL HAFIZ e t al. : Starch size in loomstate cotton fabric accelerates grafting of methacrylic acid 15 30 60 90 120 Acta Polymerica 41 (1990) Nr. 6

Bleaching of Loom-Stat Cotton Fabric Using Activated Sodium Chlorite / Hexamethylenetetramine System

“…The reactions occurring in solution are highly complex and have been reviewed (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . According to several authors, the chlorous acid (HClO 2 ) formed in solution by hydrolysis of the sodium salt undergoes the series of reactions shown by equations 1-3.…”

“…Color Difference Meter D 25 M/L-2. The wettability of the sample before and after bleaching was assessed by drop disappearance method according AATCC standard test method, (9) . Reported methods were used for determination of the copper number (10) and carboxyl content (11) of the bleached cotton fabrics.…”

“…During these steps, the overall energy consummation is very high. The continuously increase in the energy cost stimulate considerable researches and development to establish a commercially viable single-stage preparatory process containing desizing scouring and bleaching (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) .…”

“…In bleaching with chlorite, an activator is usually used to control the pH and to eatalyze the chlorite solution to a maximum bleaching effect (9)(10)(11)(12) . Generally, these activators are either acidic in nature like phosphoric, acetic, formic, hydrochloric and oxalic acid or change to acid under the effect of chlorite and heat, like formaldehyde.…”

“…Nowadays, direct addition of acid to activate the chlorite solution is avoided. This is because the acids vigorously liberate the toxic and corrosive chlorine dioxide gas (9)(10)(11)(12) .…”