STAT Genes Found in
            <i>C. elegans</i>

Liu, X.

doi:10.1126/science.285.5425.167a

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1A). Two putative STAT-like sequences (ce-STATa and ce-STATb) were previously found by homologous alignment in Caenorhabditis elegans genome data (19). Our secondary structural analysis predicts that these SH2 domains also contain ␣BЈ motifs (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Identification of the Linker-SH2 Domain of STAT as the Origin of the SH2 Domain Using Two-dimensional Structural Alignment

Gao

Hua

Kimura

et al. 2004

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The availability of large volumes of genomic sequences presents an unprecedented proteomic challenge to characterize the structure and function of various protein motifs. Primary structural alignment is often unable to accurately identify a given motif due to sequence divergence; however, with the aid of secondary structural prediction for analysis, it becomes feasible to explore protein motifs on a proteome-wide scale. Here we report the use of secondary structural alignment to characterize the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of both conventional and divergent sequences and divide them into two groups, Srctype and STAT-type. In addition to the basic "␣␤␤␤␣" structure (␤〉), the Src-type SH2 domain contains an extra ␤-strand (␤E or ␤E-␤F motif). Alternatively, the linker domain-conjugated SH2 domain in STAT contains the ␣B motif. Combining BLAST data from ␤〉 core motif sequences with predicted secondary structural alignment, we have screened for SH2 domains in various eukaryotic model systems including Arabidopsis, Dictyostelium, and Saccharomyces. Two novel genes carrying the linker-SH2 domain of STAT were discovered and subsequently cloned from Arabidopsis. These genes, designated as STAT-type linker-SH2 domain factors (STATL), are found in a wide array of vascular and nonvascular plants, suggesting that the linker-SH2 domain evolved prior to the divergence of plants and animals. Using this approach, we expanded the number of putative SH2 domain-bearing genes in Dictyostelium and comparatively studied the secondary structural profiles of both typical and atypical SH2 domains. Our results indicate that the linker-SH2 domain of the transcription factor STAT is one of the most ancient and fully developed functional domains, serving as a template for the continuing evolution of the SH2 domain essential for phosphotyrosine signal transduction. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 3:704 -714, 2004.The Src homology 2 (SH2) 1 domain is an ϳ100-aa-long motif that recognizes and interacts with phosphotyrosinecontaining motifs on the same or different protein molecules during signal transduction in animal cells. About 200 SH2 domain-containing genes have been identified in human cells, suggesting that this domain is one of the most rapidly expanded protein modules (1). In animal cells, SH2 domains are predominately present in signaling molecules, i.e. signalingrelated enzymes including protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, inositol phosphatase, and phospholipase and signaling adapters. However, the SH2 domain has also been found in transcription factor STAT family members (2, 3). In a signaling molecule with catalytic activity, the SH2 domain is often conjugated immediately upstream with another functional motif such as the SH3 domain, whereas in STAT the linker domain is immediate upstream of the SH2 domain. Recently, two STAT proteins have been discovered in Dictyostelium, a facultative slime mold capable of both growing as a single cell and differentiating into multicellular structures (4, 5). More recently,...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Identification of the Linker-SH2 Domain of STAT as the Origin of the SH2 Domain Using Two-dimensional Structural Alignment

Gao

Hua

Kimura

et al. 2004

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…Both the major components and many of the functions of the JAK/STAT pathway appear to have been conserved throughout evolution with STAT-like molecules identified in the slime mould Dictyostelium (Araki et al, 1998) and the nematode C. elegans (Liu et al, 1999). The Drosophila melanogaster JAK/STAT pathway, the most intensively studied invertebrate example, contains a Fcomplete_ canonical pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Upd2, a Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway ligand

Hombría

Brown

Häder

et al. 2005

Developmental Biology

173

181

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The characterisation of ligands that activate the JAK/STAT pathway has the potential to throw light onto a comparatively poorly understood aspect of this important signal transduction cascade. Here, we describe our analysis of the only invertebrate JAK/STAT pathway ligands identified to date, the Drosophila unpaired-like family. We show that upd2 is expressed in a pattern essentially identical to that of upd and demonstrate that the proteins encoded by this region activate JAK/STAT pathway signalling. Mutational analysis demonstrates a mutual semi-redundancy that can be visualised in multiple tissues known to require JAK/STAT signalling. In order to better characterise the in vivo function of these ligands, we developed a reporter based on a natural JAK/STAT pathway responsive enhancer and show that ectopic upd2 expression can effectively activate the JAK/STAT pathway. While both Upd and Upd2 are secreted JAK/STAT pathway agonists, tissue culture assays show that the signal-sequences of Upd and Upd2 confer distinct properties, with Upd associated primarily with the extracellular matrix and Upd2 secreted into the media. The differing biophysical characteristics identified for Upd-like molecules have implications for their function in vivo and adds another aspect to our understanding of cytokine signalling in Drosophila.

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“…Suggestions for hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other nanostructured materials have been made because of the possibility of reversibility, fast kinetics, and high capacity (large surface area) [3]. Many of the experimental studies were done on pristine organic materials and metal-organic frameworks [3-6]; however, it has been found that the hydrogen storage capacity in these systems greatly diminishes at room temperature and ambient pressure [6,7]. This is attributed to the weak interaction between hydrogen molecules and the materials by physisorption (~0.04 eV) [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Calcium-decorated carbon nanotubes for high-capacity hydrogen storage: First-principles calculations

et al. 2009

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Using first-principles calculations, we perform a search for high-capacity hydrogen storage media based on individually dispersed calcium atoms on doped or defective carbon nanotubes. We find that up to six H 2 molecules can bind to a Ca atom each with a desirable binding energy of ~0.2 eV/H 2 . The hybridization of the empty Ca 3d orbitals with the H 2 σ orbitals contributes to the H 2 binding, and Ca clustering is suppressed by preferential binding of Ca atoms to doped boron and defect sites dispersed on carbon nanotubes. We also show that individual Ca-decorated B-doped CNTs with a concentration of ~6 at. % B doping can reach the gravimetric capacity of ~5 wt % hydrogen. PACS numbers: 68.43.Bc, 71.15.Nc, 73.22.-f, 84.60.Ve 1 1Hydrogen storage at appropriate density in solid-state materials can be an essential requirement for the development of hydrogen fuel-cell powered vehicles. However, feasible candidate materials are scarce [1,2]. Suggestions for hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other nanostructured materials have been made because of the possibility of reversibility, fast kinetics, and high capacity (large surface area) [3]. Many of the experimental studies were done on pristine organic materials and metal-organic frameworks [3-6]; however, it has been found that the hydrogen storage capacity in these systems greatly diminishes at room temperature and ambient pressure [6,7]. This is attributed to the weak interaction between hydrogen molecules and the materials by physisorption (~0.04 eV) [7]. More recent theoretical studies have been devoted to finding and designing materials which enhance the interactions to the desirable binding energy of 0.2 − 0.6 eV [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].In recent years, studies of early transition metal (i.e., Sc, Ti, and V) decorated carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and polymers have attracted much attention as possible systems for hydrogen storage applications at room temperature and ambient pressure [13][14][15]. It was expected that these materials not only enhance the interaction between the transition metal element and H 2 , up to ~0.2 0.6 eV via the Kubas interaction (hybridization of the d states with the H − 2 states) [18], but also meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) goal of obtaining a gravimetric capacity of 9 wt % by the year 2015 [19].Recently, Antonelli's [20] and Shivaram's [21] experimental groups have shown progress in enhancing the interaction of H 2 in reducible mesoporous Ti oxides and Ti-ethylene complexes, which are, unfortunately, still short of the needed interaction in the theoretically suggested structures for room temperature hydrogen storage. Another issue is that, based on energy consideration, transition metal atoms generally prefer being clustered to being individually dispersed on nanomaterials because of their large cohesive energy (i.e., ~4 eV). Clustering changes significantly the adsorption nature of the H 2 molecules [22,23], and this is a major challenge when trying to produce metal-decorated hydrogen storage ...

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STAT Genes Found in C. elegans

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Identification of the Linker-SH2 Domain of STAT as the Origin of the SH2 Domain Using Two-dimensional Structural Alignment

Identification of the Linker-SH2 Domain of STAT as the Origin of the SH2 Domain Using Two-dimensional Structural Alignment

Characterisation of Upd2, a Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway ligand

Calcium-decorated carbon nanotubes for high-capacity hydrogen storage: First-principles calculations

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