2024
DOI: 10.1123/jsm.2023-0137
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State-Level Politics and Bias Predict Transgender Athlete Bans

Kelsey M. Garrison,
George B. Cunningham

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the political leanings of a state, the state-level implicit and explicit biases against transgender people, and the presence of transgender athlete bans. The authors collected archival data from 2021 and 2022 bans in the United States to examine the hypotheses. As of 2022, 18 states had passed laws barring transgender athletes from participating in sports. Results from regression analyses showed that conservative-leaning states were more likely t… Show more

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