State of Art Survey for IoT Effects on Smart City Technology: Challenges, Opportunities, and Solutions

Abstract

Automation frees workers from excessive human involvement to promote ease of use while still reducing their input of labor. There are about 2 billion people on Earth who live in cities, which means about half of the human population lives in an urban environment. This number is rising which places great problems for a greater number of people, increased traffic, increased noise, increased energy consumption, increased water use, and land pollution, and waste. Thus, the issue of security, coupled with sustainability, is expected to be addressed in cities that use their brain. One of the most often used methodologies for creating a smart city is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT connectivity is understood to be the very heart of the city of what makes a smart city. such as sensor networks, wearables, mobile apps, and smart grids that have been developed to harness the city's most innovative connectivity technology to provide services and better control its citizens The focus of this research is to clarify and showcase ways in which IoT technology can be used in infrastructure projects for enhancing both productivity and responsiveness.

IoT-Enabled Smart Cities: A Review of Concepts, Frameworks and Key Technologies

“…However, general functional architectures have been proposed in the literature that are based on a simplified version of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, but with different approaches. Some works [1,6] define a typical IoT framework composed of three layers (from the lowest physical level to the higher levels of abstraction): the perception/sensing layer; the network layer; and the application layer. In other works [7][8][9][10][11][12] the former approach is expanded into five layers of architecture, including: the perception/sensing layer; the transportation/network layer; the middleware/processing layer; the application layer; and the business layer.…”

Internet of things-based indoor smart hydroponics farm monitoring system

“…IoT-based systems aid in detecting, solving, and possibly preventing problems in the daily lives of people. Large amounts of data, or big data, are being utilized to process diverse information to aid in understanding and improving various fields [1], [2] such as in transportation [3]- [5], health [6]- [8], industrial [9]- [11], and smart environments [12]- [14].…”

Implementation of the internet of things on smart posters using near field communication technology in the tourism sector

“…The smart city refers to urban innovation and transformation that intends to use infrastructure, information and communication technology (ICT), knowledge resources, and social infrastructure to promote economic regeneration, social cohesion, improved municipal administration, and infrastructure management. Smart City is a technology that combines technical innovation, organizational innovation, and policy innovation to make it simpler for people to access information and move rapidly and flexibly [8]- [11].…”