State of Gastric Mucosa and Small Intestine Nitro-Ergic System During Chronic Heliotrine-Induced Hepatitis

Abstract

Abstract. In chronic heliotrine-induced hepatitis (CHH), in the tissues of the mucous membrane of the ventricle and bowels an endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a decreased level of NO is formed. In CHH, eNOS activity decreases due to the action of endotoxins on the gastric mucosa tissue and bowels entering to the central bloodstream from the liver. At the same time, they initiate iNOS and formation of ОNO 2 -that leads to inhibition of eNOS. It appears as potentiating effect of endotoxins' action produced in the liver in CHH in response to the inhibition of mucous membrane of the ventricle and bowels eNOS activity, initiation of iNOS, ОNO 2 -formation -an important cytotoxic / cytostatic compound, enhancing the proliferative and apoptotic processes, as a result, a high level of degradation and desquamation of the intestinal epithelium of the mucous membrane of the ventricle and bowels. Studied indicators of nitro-ergic system in the mucosa of the ventricle and bowels at CHH change in one direction. Keywords: chronic hepatitis, the system of nitric oxide, mucous membrane, ventricle, bowels.The Republic of Uzbekistan is in Central Asia wherein chronic viral hepatitis is widespread (Abdurakhmanov, 2010;Alimova and Nigmatov, 2003;Kosagovskaya and Volchkova, 2013).Improving in their diagnosis and treatment is connected with the knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the liver, which reveal the essence of the pathological process (Ivashkin, 1998;Mayer, 2004;Sherlok and Duli, 1999).In the pathogenesis of hepatitis, particular importance falls on the abnormality of tissue homeostasis mucous membrane (MM) of the gastrointestinal tract, which is an important factor in favor congestion and venous stasis. All these suppose the involvement of the pathogenesis of destabilization of cellular and intracellular membranes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic hepatitis abnormalities of the endothelial function. An important regulator of the latter is nitric oxide (NO). Along with regulatory functions of NO, cytotoxic activity is detected, it can destroy DNA molecule, participate in the development of accelerated cell apoptosis and necrosis and permeation of cell membranes (Aguiar, Masse and Glibbs, (2005);Habib and Abi, 2011). NO molecule is synthesized in response to physiological need for NOsynthase enzyme from its metabolic precursor amino acids L-arginine, (Hirst and Robson, 2011).Currently, NO is considered as a signal molecule of the digestive system, since it stimulates relaxation of the smooth muscles of the esophagus, ventricle, small and large bowels, gall bladder, sphincter of ampulla of the pancreaticobiliary channel (Oddi) (Glemens, 1999;Leung Tung-Ming, Tipoe, Liong et al., 2010). Under physiological conditions, the endogenous NO -one of the mediators of exocrine pancreas secretion and mucin-producing cells of the gastric mucosa and bowels, stability, nonspecific and specific mucosal protection from the action of internal and external corrosive enviro...