State of the art: imaging of renal infections

Bilateral Renal Cortical Abscesses Presenting as Pyrexia of Unknown Origin in an Immunocompetent Individual

“…Late diagnosis can be catastrophic with spread and rupture of the abscess. Imaging features of renal abscess consists of a hypoechoic mass on ultrasound or a well-defined lowdensity mass with a post-contrast enhancement of abscess wall on CT scan (Demertzis and Menias, 2007). Renal cortical abscess unless complicated is confined to the cortical and subcortical area, whereas renal corticomedullary abscess shows involvement of the medulla, with calyceal involvement and distortion.…”

Complicated Upper Urinary Tract Infection

“…The most valuable radiologic means in evaluating patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is probably CT scanning (Figure 4). By using this radiologic technique, an enlarged nonfunctioning kidney with decreased contrast enhancement, dilated calyces, and the evidence of obstruction often by a renal stone could be demonstrated [161,162]. At times, a large reniform mass with the renal pelvis closely encircling a central calcification, but without pelvic dilatation, could be demonstrated [160,163].…”

“…In contrast to the tumors and other inflammatory lesions, the cavities themselves, do not enhance in the scans. In properly evaluating the involvements of the perirenal and pararenal tissues, CT scan is very helpful that could reveal extension of the inflammatory process into structures nearby, or abdominal wall [154,161]. In order to confirm and quantify the differential lack of function in the involved kidney, 99m Tc-DMSA radionuclide renal scanning is exploited [149].…”

“…In a small contracted kidney, the radiographic findings are nonspecific and nondiagnostic for XPN [161,163]. The usual differential diagnoses for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are Wilms tumor, renal cell carcinoma, renal abscess, infected renal cystic disease, tuberculosis, malakoplakia, and transitional renal cell carcinoma.…”

Nefronia en pediatría: dentro del espectro de las infecciones urinarias. Serie clínica y revisión de la literatura

“…Se sospecha por nefromegalia y/o masa renal. Idealmente, el diagnóstico se debería confirmar con tomografía axial computada 6 . El tratamiento es similar al de una PNA, con antimicrobianos que cubran los microorganismos habituales de la ITU, pero su duración aún no está claramente establecida.…”