State of the Art in Control of Inclusions and Microalloying Elements in Tire Cord Steel and Saw Wire Steel

Abstract

The extremely thin diameter of steel tire cord wire and steel saw wire are about 80 and 50 μm, respectively. It is supposed that this kind of ultrafine steel wire is easy to break due to large and hard nonmetallic inclusions in the steel during the drawing and standing process. This paper reviews the research advances on inclusion and microalloying elements control in tire cord steel and saw wire steel in the past 20 years. Including: 1) calculation of thermodynamics of inclusion formation in quaternary system; 2) effects of alkali metal alloys and its oxides on inclusions; 3) control of Ti-containing inclusion and SiO 2 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 inclusion; 4) effect of rare earth on inclusions in saw wire steel; 5) the behavior of inclusions at the solidification front of liquid steel; 6) the effect of inclusion size and morphology on the fracture behavior of steel wire; 7) ultrasonic technology was used to remove inclusions in cord steel; 8) the effect of C, Cr, Co, Ce and V on microstructure and properties of tire cord steel and saw wire steel. Finally, this paper summarizes twelve key problems that should be studied in the next decade to provide reference for metallurgical workers.

Study on the formation mechanism of clogging layer of rare earth microalloyed Q355 steel’s submerged entry nozzle and process optimization

“…Scholars have discovered that adding an appropriate amount of rare earth elements (La and Ce) to steel can improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of structural steel, as well as extend its life cycle. Existing research can fully explain the benefits of incorporating rare earth elements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, recent research has revealed that the alloying process of rare earth elements, as well as the problem of nozzle clogging in rare earth steel, are still significant issues that impede the efficient utilization of rare earth elements.…”

“…Interaction coefficient (1873K)[4] . capacity of Al 2 O 3 , the activity of Al 2 O 3 at different basicity was calculated, as shown in Figure11.…”

Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions in tire cord steel

“…Summarily, Al 2 O 3 has a detrimental effect on the deformability of inclusions in tire cord steel and needs to be strictly controlled during the refining process. From Chen's review, he concluded that how the size of typical inclusion MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 affects the wire drawing process was not clear [23]. Niu [20] studied that the variation of Al 2 O 3 content in MnO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 inclusions directly affects the plastic deformability of MnO-SiO 2 inclusions.…”

Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions of Al‐Killed Ca‐Treated Steels by Automated SEM/EDS and Its Application to Industrial Case Studies

“…[6] In general, inclusions are undesired because they can decrease the production capacity of the steelshops or negatively influence the properties of steel in service. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In this context, the availability of accurate methods to characterize steel inclusions is of paramount importance to acquire knowledge about their generation and to develop ways to control them.…”