State of the art in gold nanoparticle synthesis

Effects of Support and Synthetic Procedure for Sol-Immobilized Au Nanoparticles

“…Such a stage of formation of micelles by the protective agent is followed by a reduction stage from Au 3+ to Au 0 . Historically, the first colloidal method involves the reduction of gold ions by citrate [7]. Methods that are much more efficient use the NaOH/tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) system or organic polymers using NaBH 4 as a reducing agent.…”

Hydrogen-assisted fabrication of spherical gold nanoparticles through sonochemical reduction of tetrachloride gold(III) ions in water

“…Methodology to selectively synthesize metal nanoparticles with a particular size and shape enables rational control the properties of metal nanoparticles. Thus, a number of works have focused on the development of synthetic methods for the preparation of metal nanoparticles in a size or shape-selected and -controlled manner [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, the synthetic strategy of metal nanoparticles in view of environmental concerns (e.g., utilization of non-toxic chemicals, environmentally benign solvents, and renewable materials) is emerging an issue that merit important consideration [25,26].…”

“…Conventional methods of metal nanoparticle synthesis from metal ion reduction in solutions require capping agents (e.g., alkylthiols, surfactants and amphiphilic polymers) and reducing agents (e.g., NaBH4, hydrazine and citric acid) to achieve the controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Numerous reports have described the size-and shape-control of metal nanoparticles in terms of molecular characteristics of capping agents and kinetics of metal ion reduction by reducing agents [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Numerous reports have described the size-and shape-control of metal nanoparticles in terms of molecular characteristics of capping agents and kinetics of metal ion reduction by reducing agents [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. On the other hand, we have recently investigated the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the sonochemical reduction of tetrachloride gold(III) ions ([AuCl4] -) in aqueous solutions in the absence of any additional reducing and capping agents [27].…”

Liposomes as nanoreactors for the photochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles

“…5,6 A large number of methods have been developed and optimized for synthesizing AuNPs with defined sizes and shapes, 7,8 and typically involves the chemical reduction of Au (III) to Au (0). The initial small clusters of reduced gold thus obtained serve as nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of nanoparticles.…”