State-of-the-art in immobilized polymer stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

O aumento da estabilidade química e a redução da alta atividade de grupos residuais têm sido, nas últimas quatro décadas, os principais focos de pesquisas na preparação de fases estacionárias para cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência na modalidade de fase reversa (CLAE-FR). Novas e eficientes estratégias de modificação da superfície da sílica e a introdução de novos materiais como suportes cromatográficos têm minimizado estas limitações e possibilitado uma crescente popularização da CLAE-FR. Neste trabalho será apresentada uma visão geral do estado da arte de uma das estratégias de preparo de fases estacionárias que vem contornando tais limitações da CLAE-FR; as fases estacionárias baseadas na imobilização de polímeros orgânicos pré-sintetizados sobre partículas de sílica e sílica metalizada (zirconizada e titanizada). Uma consideração especial será dada ao desenvolvimento destas fases estacionárias ocorrido no Brasil nos últimos 15 anos.Increasing stability and reducing the high activity of residual groups from stationary phases have been the main focuses of research on the preparation of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) phases over the last four decades. New and more efficient strategies for modifying the silica surface as well as the introduction of new chromatographic supports have minimized these effects and have enabled the increasing popularization of RP-HPLC. In this paper, an overview will be given of the state-of-the-art in stationary phases for RP-HPLC based on immobilization of pre-synthesized organic polymers on both silica and metalized-silica supports. Special consideration is given to the development of HPLC stationary phases in Brazil in the past 15 years.

Study on the Mixed-Mode HPLC Separation of Shuang-Huang-Lian and Xue‑Bi‑Jing Injections Based on an Ionic Liquid Column

“…37,38 Mechanism also accepted in the literature is the interaction of polar groups with water molecules from mobile phase, giving an "empirical wall" of water molecules near the silica surface. 39 Furthermore, a recent study 40 concluded by molecular dynamics that the ratio between the local water mole fraction at and near the surface and the nominal water mole fraction grew nonlinearly with the decrease of water content in the mobile phase. Our result is consistent with the above literature and also it confirms that water is a stronger eluting mobile phase with HILIC mode.…”

Self-Immobilization of Poly(methyltetradecylsiloxane) onto Metalized Silica Particles as Stationary Phases for HPLC

“…[1][2][3][4] The preparation of phases may occur by cross-linking of a polymer initiated by a chemical agent 5,6 or by immobilization of pre-synthesized organic polymer onto chromatographic support particles. [7][8][9] This latter method is less expensive as does not require the use of specific highcost reagents.…”

New Support for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Based on Silica Coated with Alumina Particles

“…Chromatographic supports based on silica coated with metal oxide layers are an alternative for achieving more stable materials for use in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), [1][2][3][4][5] where the hydrolytic stability of stationary phases based on silica coated with metal oxide layers is approximately five-times higher than the stability of similar silica-based phases. 6,7 These chromatographic supports allow maintenance of the morphology and the porous structure of silica, which are essential to produce high-performance stationary phases.…”

“…6,7 These chromatographic supports allow maintenance of the morphology and the porous structure of silica, which are essential to produce high-performance stationary phases. 4,8 Furthermore, the surface is readily modified, allowing the preparation of chemically bonded 7,9 or polymer coated 4,6,8 stationary phases. Zirconium 6,10,11 and titanium 9,12,13 are the most common metal oxides used to coat the silica surfaces.…”