State-of-the-art piezoelectric transformer-based switch mode power supplies

Ekhtiari, Marzieh; Zhang, Zhe; Andersen, Michael A. E.

doi:10.1109/iecon.2014.7049271

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The main focus of this research work is on inductor-less and bidirectional piezoelectric transformer-based converters [110][111][112][113][114].…”

Section: Beyond the 2000s: Power Piezoelectric Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Carazo¹

2016

Actuators

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Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transformer, without making use of magnetic materials and obtaining excellent conversion efficiencies. The initial concept of a piezoelectric ceramic transformer was proposed by Charles A. Rosen in 1954. Since then, the evolution of piezoelectric transformers through history has been linked to the relevant work of some excellent researchers as well as to the evolution in materials, manufacturing processes, and driving circuit techniques. This paper summarizes the historical evolution of the technology.Keywords: piezoelectric transformer; piezoelectric-based power supply; non-magnetic transformers Historical Introduction 1920s-1930s: Early Studies on Piezoelectric Transformers Using Salt Rochelle Single CrystalThe first studies on electrical to electrical conversion using piezoelectric materials took place in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Alexander McLean Nicolson has the honor of being the first researcher to investigate the idea of a piezoelectric transformer. Nicolson considered two single crystal blocks preloaded against each other with an external frame (Figure 1). Abstract: Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transformer, without making use of magnetic materials and obtaining excellent conversion efficiencies. The initial concept of a piezoelectric ceramic transformer was proposed by Charles A. Rosen in 1954. Since then, the evolution of piezoelectric transformers through history has been linked to the relevant work of some excellent researchers as well as to the evolution in materials, manufacturing processes, and driving circuit techniques. This paper summarizes the historical evolution of the technology.

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“…The main focus of this research work is on inductor-less and bidirectional piezoelectric transformer-based converters [110][111][112][113][114].…”

Section: Beyond the 2000s: Power Piezoelectric Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Carazo¹

2016

Actuators

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“…Employment of PT has become popular since it can replace magnetic and reactive components in both resonant and traditional magnetic transformer-based converters due to smaller size, lighter weight, lower cost, lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), higher power density, and higher efficiency [1]. The operating principle of the PT is based on electromechanical energy conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power enhancement of piezoelectric transformers for power supplies

Ekhtiari¹,

Steenstrup²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016)

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This paper studies power enhancement of piezoelectric transformers to be used in inductorless, half-bridge, piezoelecteric-based switch mode power supplies for driving a piezo actuator motor system in a high strength magnetic environment for magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography applications. A new multi element-piezo transformer solution is proposed along with a dual mode piezo transformer, providing power scaling and potentially improving the internal heat-up of a high power piezo transformer system.

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“…Research in this area has yielded devices with greater efficiency by achieving soft switching in PT-based SMPS [1], [3], [4]. In order to obtain zero-voltage switching (ZVS), the dead time (DT) needs to be sufficiently long to allow the input capacitor of the PT to charge or discharge [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of piezoelectric transformer (PT)-based switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) has gathered pace in recent times due to their smaller size, lighter weight, lower cost, lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), higher power density, and higher efficiency in comparison with converters used in conventional transformers [1], [2]. Research in this area has yielded devices with greater efficiency by achieving soft switching in PT-based SMPS [1], [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few parameters govern the attainment of ZVS under a fixed DT: the rise in temperature, load, and changes in frequency [1], [11]. A drawback of PTbased SMPS with a fixed DT is that the length of DT needs to be separately measured for each transformer because the input capacitor of the PT is different for each transformer, even those from the same batch of design and production, due to the many parameters involved, e.g., oven temperature and polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Optimum Dead Time in Piezoelectric Transformer-Based Switch-Mode Power Supplies

Ekhtiari

Andersen

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Abstract-Soft switching is required to attain high efficiency in high-frequency power converters. Piezoelectric transformerbased converters can benefit from soft switching in terms of significantly diminished switching losses and stresses. Adequate dead time is needed in order to deliver sufficient energy to charge and discharge the input capacitance of piezoelectric transformers in order to achieve zero-voltage switching. This paper proposes a method for detecting the optimum dead time in piezoelectric transformer-based switch-mode power supplies. The provision of sufficient dead time in every cycle of the switching period results in the quick start up of resonant current inside the transformer. The new method is implemented by dynamically detecting the optimum dead time for each resonant cycle and results in reduced energy loss, and consequently, increased efficiency in the converter during initialization time and steady-state operation. The theory of optimum dead time operation is also discussed in this paper. Experimental results and simulation are provided to show the implementation of the concept.

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State-of-the-art piezoelectric transformer-based switch mode power supplies

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Power enhancement of piezoelectric transformers for power supplies

Dynamic Optimum Dead Time in Piezoelectric Transformer-Based Switch-Mode Power Supplies

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