State standards for the radiation safety of space flights

Ковалев, Е.Е.; Сакович, В. А.

doi:10.1007/bf02073130

At Energy

1990

DOI: 10.1007/bf02073130

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State standards for the radiation safety of space flights

Е.Е. Ковалев¹,

В. А. Сакович²

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2005

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Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…60, is now well known and is under discussion [18][19][20]. Correspondingly, the system of standards mentioned above also is to be updated [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If optimization is performed, then the dose of reactor radiation, corresponding to the minimum total mass of the reactor shielding and the shielding of the radiation shelter, would be 100-150 times less than the dose of solar cosmic rays, i.e., less than 1 cSv. 4. Shielding with acceleartion in the Earth's radiation belts with a low-thrust motor during a period of maximum solar activity can be provided with an additional mass of 5-10 tons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of studies performed in the 1970s-1980s, we estimated the required thickness and mass of the radiation shielding of the crew [2]. These studies were then made more precise [3] in connection with the adoption of a system of standards in the 1980s [4]. Attention was devoted to radiation shielding because with respect to its mass it competes with other systems of the spaceship and can even influence the choice of the flight scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the criterion established in VNRB-75 can be satisfied with different average values of the dose, which indicates that the estimate of the radiation danger in terms of the radiation risk as an integral over all possible values of the dose (taking account of their probability) is inadequate. The criteria are somewhat different in the above-mentioned complex of standards [4]. On the whole, the documents [23][24][25][26][27][28] are devoted to the criteria for radiation safety in this complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Danger in Manned Flight to Mars. Concept

Сакович¹,

Semenov

2005

At Energy

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The concept of radiation safety, based on which the parameters of the radiation shielding for various schemes of a flight to Mars were calculated, is presented. The concept combines modern approaches to the regulation of radiation safety with experience in design investigations, performed by the present authors, in the field of radiation protection for cosmonauts. The general conceptual assumptions and assumptions with respect to separate aspects of the development of a radiation-safety system for a manned expedition to Mars are examined. Probabilistic approaches are absolutely necessary. Limitations on the mass of the material in the radiation shielding and taking account of other forms of the flight risk make it necessary to accept higher levels of irradiation for cosmonauts during a 1-2 yr flight than the levels established for people working with radiation sources under ground-based conditions over the same period of time. Acceptibility from the standpoint of the flight organizers and the cosmonauts is considered. In contrast to previous assessments made by the present authors, the protective role of equipment and structures in the manned module is taken into account.It is well known that manned flight to Mars was the subject of a design concept even during the period when preparations were being made for the first manned flight in space. In the design studies that were performed under the direction of S. P. Korolev, it was supposed that such flight will occur in the 1970s. The range of scientific investigations on medical-biological support for manned flights and, specifically, radiation safety was determined, beginning in the 1960s, precisely with such a perspective [1]. It was already clear at that time that the problem of ensuring radiation safety during interplanetary flight is to develop shielding with a substantial mass. On the basis of studies performed in the 1970s-1980s, we estimated the required thickness and mass of the radiation shielding of the crew [2]. These studies were then made more precise [3] in connection with the adoption of a system of standards in the 1980s [4]. Attention was devoted to radiation shielding because with respect to its mass it competes with other systems of the spaceship and can even influence the choice of the flight scheme. Thus, a low-thrust motor is advantageous because of the economical consumption of the working body. But a flight using a low-thrust motor lasts for a longer period of time and, correspondingly, the shielding is heavier. If such a motor is used for gather speed near the earth, which must occur precisely in the Earth's radiation belts for 1-2 months [5], then very heavy shielding is required. There arises the question: what kind of motor and what kind of flight scheme are best?Advances in studies of Mars using automatic stations have stimulated a new wave of interest in manned flight. However, the beginning of this wave, in our view, must be considered to be the Moscow Science and Technology Center project No. 1172 [6], which was performed in 2000 at...

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“…60, is now well known and is under discussion [18][19][20]. Correspondingly, the system of standards mentioned above also is to be updated [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Danger in Manned Flight to Mars. Concept

Сакович¹,

Semenov

2005

At Energy

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Measurement of the neutron component in a shower generated in a lead target by relativistic nuclear beam

Chultém

Damdinsuren

D'yachenko

et al. 1996

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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State standards for the radiation safety of space flights

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Radiation Danger in Manned Flight to Mars. Concept

Radiation Danger in Manned Flight to Mars. Concept

Measurement of the neutron component in a shower generated in a lead target by relativistic nuclear beam

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