States of an Ensemble of Two-Level Atoms with Reduced Quantum Uncertainty

Schleier-Smith, Monika; Leroux, Ian D.; Vuletić, Vladan

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.073604

Cited by 301 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[21] and references therein), employing collective interactions between atoms via an optical cavity (see Ref. [22] and references therein), or methods based on generating squeezing by performing so-called quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements on an ensemble [23][24][25][26]. The latter technique has attracted particular attention in the context of atomic magnetometry (see Ref.…”

Section: Remarks On Ensemble Squeezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation-to-alignment conversion and spin squeezing

et al. 2012

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The relationship between orientation-to-alignment conversion (a form of atomic polarization evolution induced by an electric field) and the phenomenon of spin squeezing is demonstrated. A "stretched" state of an atom or molecule with maximum angular-momentum projection along the quantization axis possesses orientation and is a quantum-mechanical minimum-uncertainty state, where the product of the equal uncertainties of the angular-momentum projections on two orthogonal directions transverse to the quantization axis is the minimum allowed by the uncertainty relation. Application of an electric field for a short time induces orientation-to-alignment conversion and produces a spin-squeezed state, in which the quantum state essentially remains a minimum-uncertainty state, but the uncertainties of the angular-momentum projections on the orthogonal directions are unequal. This property can be visualized using the angular-momentum probability surfaces, where the radius of the surface is given by the probability of measuring the maximum angular-momentum projection in that direction. Brief remarks are also given concerning collective-spin squeezing and quantum nondemolition measurements.

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Section: Remarks On Ensemble Squeezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation-to-alignment conversion and spin squeezing

et al. 2012

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“…On the other hand, the effect of quantum projection noise can be reduced by engineering the quantum state of the atomic ensemble entering the interferometer: entanglement can determine strong correlations in the projection process during the measurement, which can be exploited to increase phase resolution with the Heisenberg limit ∆φ min,H = 1/N as fundamental lower bound. After the first experimental realizations of atomic states with uncertainties below the quantum projection limit [85,86,87,68,88,89], a noise reduction approaching -20 dB below the QPN has been recently reported [90,91]. Our heterodyne technique, when used for quantum non-demolition measurements on the atomic sample, could combine the enhancement given by correlating successive measurements on the atomic system with that related to implementing entanglement between the particles so as to reach Heisenberg-limited sensitivities at the output of the interferometer.…”

Section: Atom Lasers Quantum Phase Locks and Sub-shot-noise Interfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial quantum sensors using light and matter

2016

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Abstract. The past few decades have seen dramatic progress in our ability to manipulate and coherently control matter-waves. Although the duality between particles and waves has been well tested since de Broglie introduced the matter-wave analog of the optical wavelength in 1924, manipulating atoms with a level of coherence that enables one to use these properties for precision measurements has only become possible with our ability to produce atomic samples exhibiting temperatures of only a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero. Since the initial experiments a few decades ago, the field of atom optics has developed in many ways, with both fundamental and applied significance. The exquisite control of matter waves offers the prospect of a new generation of force sensors exhibiting unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy, for applications from navigation and geophysics to tests of general relativity. Thanks to the latest developments in this field, the first commercial products using this quantum technology are now available. In the future, our ability to create large coherent ensembles of atoms will allow us an even more precise control of the matter-wave and the ability to create highly entangled states for non-classical atom interferometry.

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“…In that case, the off-resonance modification of the refractive index is measured by the phase shift induced on the probe optical field. Several techniques can be implemented to measure this phase shift, including Mach-Zehnder interferometry [14], mapping phase fluctuations into intensity fluctuations using a cavity tuned on the side of its resonance [11], or comparing the probe dephasing to a far from resonance local oscillator [29,31]. The latter technique, called heterodyne detection, is adopted in the following.…”

Section: Collective Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To go further, the sensitivity can be enhanced by either increasing the number of atoms or reducing the effect of quantum noise [18]. In this context, atomic spin-squeezed states [10] have recently been achieved [3,11], [14][15][16][17], and they have allowed sensitivity enhancement in atomic clocks [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterodyne non-demolition measurements on cold atomic samples: towards the preparation of non-classical states for atom interferometry

et al. 2011

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Abstract. We report on a novel experiment to generate non-classical atomic states via quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements on cold atomic samples prepared in a high-finesse ring cavity. The heterodyne technique developed for QND detection exhibits an optical shot-noise limited behavior for local oscillator optical power of a few hundred µW, and a detection bandwidth of several GHz. This detection tool is used in a single pass to follow nondestructively the internal state evolution of an atomic sample when subjected to Rabi oscillations or a spin-echo interferometric sequence.

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States of an Ensemble of Two-Level Atoms with Reduced Quantum Uncertainty

Cited by 301 publications

References 31 publications

Orientation-to-alignment conversion and spin squeezing

Orientation-to-alignment conversion and spin squeezing

Inertial quantum sensors using light and matter

Heterodyne non-demolition measurements on cold atomic samples: towards the preparation of non-classical states for atom interferometry

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