Static and Dynamic Strength Indicators in Paralympic Power-Lifters with and without Spinal Cord Injury

Teles, Luan José Lopes; Aidar, Felipe J.; Matos, Dihogo Gama de; Marçal, Anderson Carlos; Almeida-Neto, Paulo Francisco de; Neves, Eduardo Borba; Moreira, Osvaldo Costa; Neto, Frederico Ribeiro; Garrido, Nuno; Vilaça-Alves, José; Díaz-de-Durana, Alfonso López; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Jeffreys, Ian; Cabral, Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco; Reis, Víctor Machado

doi:10.3390/ijerph18115907

Cited by 25 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The indicators used, such as RFD, aim to observe the force production in the shortest possible time, as well as the MIF and Time, evaluate the force production in a given time [27][28][29]. In this sense, they are recognized as part of the force-time curve, which determines that the higher the RFD values obtained, the greater the athlete's ability to generate force in a given time, the MIF, refers to the greater force generated, the Time the time to maximum isometric strength and fatigue would be what the athlete lost strength in a given time [30,31,51,52]. Thus, training with elastic bands was shown to promote greater fatigue, with a decrease in the main strength indicators, and this should be taken into account in the training planning by paralympic powerlifting trainers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Training with Elastic Bands on Strength and Fatigue Indicators in Paralympic Powerlifting

Aidar

Clemente

Lima

et al. 2021

Sports

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Background: Variable resistance training has recently become a component of strength and conditioning programs. Objective: This randomized counterbalanced cross-over study aimed to investigate the use of elastic bands (EB) and the traditional method (TRAD) and force indicators in a training session. Methods: 12 Paralympic athletes (age: 28.60 ± 7.60 years) participated in this three-week study. In the first week, the participants were familiarized with EB and TRAD and were tested for maximal repetition (1-RM). The research occurred in weeks 2 and 3, which included the pre-post training, during which the following measures were extracted: maximum isometric force (MIF), the peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), fatigue index (FI), and time to MIF (Time). The athletes performed two tests, EB and TRAD, separated by a one-week interval. Results: Significant differences were found between the pre- and post-test for 1RM (p = 0.018, η2p = 0.412), MIF (p = 0.011, η2p = 0.415), PT (p = 0.012, η2p = 0.413), and RFD (p = 0.0002, η2p = 0.761). With the use of EB, there was a difference in RFD between TRAD before and EB after (p = 0.016, η2p = 0.761). There were significant differences in the before and after for FI between TRAD and EB (p < 0.001) and for Time (p < 0.001), indicating that training with the use of elastic bands promotes overload, characterized by increased fatigue and decreased strength. Conclusions: Training with EB did not decrease 1RM, PT, MIF or RFD, however, there was an increase in fatigue and time to reach MIF when compared to the method with fixed resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Training with Elastic Bands on Strength and Fatigue Indicators in Paralympic Powerlifting

Aidar

Clemente

Lima

et al. 2021

Sports

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“…Monitoring of the metabolic hormonal state (TT/C) will allow for both trainers and psychologists treating handicapped patients to fully control the degree of physical participant’s preparation as well as their psychological state and motivation. It may also serve as a sensitive biochemical marker of the way to deal with physical limitations accounting for the SCL type, functional classification, or disability due to impairment (acquired or congenital) [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Szymczak¹,

Podgórski²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aim of the study was the evaluation of the hormonal response of wheelchair rugby participants under the half-year training cycle. The study sample included 11 members of the Polish national wheelchair rugby team with spinal cord injury at the cervical level, ranging in age from 21 to 41 years, body weight (72.2 ± 11.53 kg), and body height (182.3 ± 6.11 cm). The disabled individuals with spinal cord injury subjected to the study constitute a homogeneous group in terms of age, body height, weight, and injury level. The study was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a 6-month training period. In the first and second examination, measurements of the peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and blood biochemical analysis were performed (Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and concentration of creatinine (Cr), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and cortisol (C)). A significant change was observed in the concentration of C in the Wheelchair Rugby players’ blood between two research periods (p < 0.05 (ES:0.76)) and a correlation between the post-training change in FT/C concentration and the change in Cr concentration (r = −0.6014, p < 0.05). The 6-month training period did not result in overloads within the group of players. However, due to the significant loss of the capacity of the spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possibility of a life-threatening trend, the anabolic/catabolic status of the players should be monitored using blood biochemical indices.

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“…In the second week, the collections were performed between 9:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. at an ambient temperature of 25 °C, depending on the subjects’ availability. During the intervention, the athletes performed a previous warm-up for the upper limbs, using three exercises (shoulder abduction with dumbbells, shoulder development on the machine, shoulder rotation with dumbbells) with three sets of 10 to 20 RM in approximately 10 min [ 20 ]. A specific warm-up was performed on the bench press itself, with 30% of the load for 1 RM, where 10 slow repetitions (3.0 × 1.0 s, eccentric x concentric) and 10 fast repetitions (1.0 × 1.0 s, eccentric x concentric) were performed to then begin the procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Grip Amplitude on Velocity in Paralympic Powerlifting

Santos

Aidar

Alejo

et al. 2021

JFMK

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(1) Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a Paralympic modality that is predominantly about developing maximal force, as there are athletes who lift three times their body weight. Our objective was to evaluate the averages of the velocity for 30% and 50% of 1 Maximum Repetition (1 RM) on different amplitudes of the footprint in PP athletes; (2) Methods: The intervention happened over two weeks, with the first being devoted to the familiarization and testing of 1 RM, while in the second week, through the use of a linear Encoder, tests of velocity average (VA), velocity average propulsive (VAP), and velocity peak (VP) were carried out with loads of 30% and 50% of a maximum repetition 1 RM for 1× of the biacromial distance (BAD) 1.3 × BAD, 1.5 × BAD; (3) Results: There was a significant difference in the average velocity of 1 × BAD (1.16 ± 0.14 m/s, 1.07–1.26 IC; η2p 0.20) when compared to 1.3 × BAD (1.00 ± 0.17 m/s, 0.90–1.09 IC; η2p 0.20) over 30% of 1 RM. For the other velocity variables for 30% and 50% of 1 RM with different grip amplitudes, there were no significant differences; (4) Conclusions: In PP, the 1 × BAD footprint contributes significantly to VA at 30% of 1 RM when compared to the 1.3 × BAD and 1.5 × BAD footprints. For loading at 50% of 1 RM the VA, VAP and VP decreased when compared to 30% of 1 RM, to the extent that the VAP and VP generated with the 1.3 × BAD and 1.5 × BAD footprints were higher than those with 1 × BAD, other than for VA 50% of 1 RM, where the 1 × BAD footprint was superior to the others.

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Static and Dynamic Strength Indicators in Paralympic Power-Lifters with and without Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Training with Elastic Bands on Strength and Fatigue Indicators in Paralympic Powerlifting

Evaluation of Training with Elastic Bands on Strength and Fatigue Indicators in Paralympic Powerlifting

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Analysis of Grip Amplitude on Velocity in Paralympic Powerlifting

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