Static deformation of a uniform half-space due to a long dip-slip fault

Rani, Sunita; Singh, Sarva Jit

doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb00108.x

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…where K ij is the shear stress due to unit slip at the j-th cell given theoretically by RANI and SINGH (1992), u i is slip at the i-th cell, G is rigidity, and c is S-wave speed.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniform and Unsteady Sliding of a Plate Boundary in a Great Earthquake Cycle: A Numerical Simulation Using a Laboratory-derived Friction Law

Kato

Hirasawa

1999

Pure and Applied Geophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A numerical study is conducted to simulate complicated sliding behavior and earthquake activity on a subducting plate boundary. A 2-D model of a uniform elastic half-space with a semi-infinite thrust fault is set up, and the frictional stress prescribed by a rate-and state-dependent friction law is assumed to act on the plate boundary fault. Spatial nonuniformity of friction parameters representing rate-dependence of friction and of slip-dependence of friction are introduced in the model to obtain complicated sliding behavior in the numerical simulation. Analogs of great earthquakes that break the entire seismogenic plate boundary repeatedly occur at a constant time interval. Smaller events of seismic or aseismic sliding occur during a great earthquake cycle. Regions of rate-strengthening of friction and of a large characteristic distance in slip-dependence of friction behave as barriers or asperities. Rupture propagation is often arrested in such a region and a great earthquake occurs later when the region is broken. The variety of earthquake activity observed in many regions along real plate boundaries may be explained by similar nonuniformity in friction parameters. Conversely, the friction parameters on plate boundaries might be estimated from comparison of theoretical simulations with observations of earthquake activity. Simulation results indicate that spatiotemporal variation in stress due to aseismic sliding may play an important part in generating earthquakes.

show abstract

“…where K ij is the shear stress due to unit slip at the j-th cell given theoretically by RANI and SINGH (1992), u i is slip at the i-th cell, G is rigidity, and c is S-wave speed.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniform and Unsteady Sliding of a Plate Boundary in a Great Earthquake Cycle: A Numerical Simulation Using a Laboratory-derived Friction Law

Kato

Hirasawa

1999

Pure and Applied Geophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For this vertical cross section, we discretized the curved plate interface into 4400 line segments of nearly equal lengths of about 50 m. We confirmed that this length of line segment is sufficient to accurately model earthquake cycles with the distribution of frictional parameters shown later. Each line segment corresponds to a sub-fault; the slip response function K ij for this type of sub-fault was calculated by the analytic expression given by Rani and Singh (1992), which determines the stress change under the plane strain field due to the unit dip slip of each sub-fault in an elastic half space consisting of a Poisson solid with G = 30 GPa and V s = 3273 m/s. We assumed V pl = 5 cm/year for the plate subduction velocity.…”

Section: Configuration Of Model Plate Interface and Its Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 Mw 5.9 earthquake off the southeastern coast of Mie Prefecture as an indicator of preparatory processes of the next Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake

Hyodo

Nakanishi

Yamashita

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Megathrust earthquakes have occurred repeatedly at intervals of 100 to 150 years along the Nankai Trough, situated in the southwest of Japan. Given that it has been 70 years since the last event, the occurrence of the next devastating earthquake is anticipated in the near future. On April 1, 2016, a moderate earthquake (M w 5.9, M JMA 6.5) occurred off the southeastern coast of Mie Prefecture in the source region of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (M w 8.2). In this study, we investigated the influence of the 2016 earthquake on future megathrust earthquakes. We first determined the hypocenter distributions using a precise velocity structure obtained from seismic surveys in the source region. Using data obtained from the DONET ocean-bottom observation network, we found that this earthquake occurred along the plate boundary fault, which is also believed to have slipped during past megathrust earthquakes. We then performed a preliminary numerical simulation to reproduce the occurrence of a moderate earthquake in the middle of a megathrust earthquake cycle. We used a hierarchical asperity model, in which smaller asperities causing moderate earthquakes are embedded in a hyper-asperity that serves as the source region of megathrust earthquakes. The simulation shows that moderate earthquakes, caused by ruptures of a smaller asperity, occur as a result of shrinkage of strongly coupled areas in the hyper-asperity. This result is consistent with the observation that the hypocenter of the 2016 earthquake was located at the edge of a strongly coupled region along the plate boundary. The simulation also reproduced postseismic slip (afterslip/slow slip) along the plate boundary updip of the hyper-asperity, which is consistent with the observations of slow slip events and very-low-frequency earthquakes after the 2016 earthquake. Thus, the occurrence of the moderate earthquake offshore southeastern Mie Prefecture in the middle of the megathrust earthquake cycle implies that the shrinkage of the strongly coupled area along the plate boundary is occurring as a preparatory process for the next megathrust earthquake in the region.

show abstract

“…Figure 4 shows static shear and normal stresses on the plate interface caused by the intraslab earthquakes in Table 1, where shear stress in slip direction and compression of normal stress are taken to be positive. These stresses are calculated by using analytical expressions for stresses due to dip slip (Rani and Singh, 1992). The average stress drop at the a − b < 0 region on the plate interface of the simulated interplate Fig.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where K i j and J i j are static shear and normal stresses, respectively, at the ith cell due to unit slip on the jth cell and given theoretically by Rani and Singh (1992), u j is the slip amount on the jth cell, σ init i is the initial normal stress, P i and Q i are the shear and normal stresses caused by an intraslab earthquake, G is rigidity, and β is the S-wave speed of the medium. The third term on the right-hand side of (1) is introduced to represent shear-stress reduction during seismic slip.…”

Section: The Model For Repeating Interplate Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible effect of an intermediate depth intraslab earthquake on seismic cycles of interplate earthquakes at a subduction zone

Kato

2014

Earth Planet Sp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of static stress perturbations due to an intermediate depth intraslab earthquake on seismic cycles of large interplate earthquakes at a subduction zone is examined through a numerical simulation using a laboratoryderived friction law. The frictional stress on a plate interface in a two-dimensional uniform elastic half-space model is assumed to obey a rate-and state-dependent friction law, and the plate interface is loaded by a steady plate motion, resulting in recurrence of large interplate earthquakes in the model. Static stress perturbations on the plate interface due to an intermediate depth intraslab earthquake with reverse fault type is introduced to the model. This model is set up so as to simulate seismic cycles at the Miyagi-Oki subduction zone, northeastern Honshu, Japan, where a large interplate earthquake is expected to occur and an intraslab earthquake of M = 7.1 took place in May, 2003. The simulation result indicates that the static stress changes due to the intraslab earthquake promote slip just below the interplate seismogenic zone, accelerating aseismic sliding there. This aseismic sliding generates stress concentration at the bottom of the seismogenic zone, often advancing the occurrence time of the next interplate earthquake. The shear-stress increases at aseismic slip regions with velocity-strengthening frictional property cannot be held and then aseismic sliding should take place to relax the increased stress. The present simulation result suggests that the promotion of aseismic sliding around the source area is important for evaluating the triggering effects of earthquakes. The conventional Coulomb failure stress approaches to the evaluation of the effect of static stress changes on seismic activity may be insufficient when static stress changes influence aseismic slip rates.

show abstract

Static deformation of a uniform half-space due to a long dip-slip fault

Cited by 50 publications

References 4 publications

Nonuniform and Unsteady Sliding of a Plate Boundary in a Great Earthquake Cycle: A Numerical Simulation Using a Laboratory-derived Friction Law

Nonuniform and Unsteady Sliding of a Plate Boundary in a Great Earthquake Cycle: A Numerical Simulation Using a Laboratory-derived Friction Law

The 2016 Mw 5.9 earthquake off the southeastern coast of Mie Prefecture as an indicator of preparatory processes of the next Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake

A possible effect of an intermediate depth intraslab earthquake on seismic cycles of interplate earthquakes at a subduction zone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About