Static Versus Dynamic Training Programs for Muscular Strength Using the Knee Extensors in Healthy Young Men

Amusa, L.O.; Obajuluwa, Victor A.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1986.8.5.243

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…11 Resistance training is sub-divided into dynamic resistance training, involving concentric and/or eccentric contractions of muscles with changes in length and the tension of the muscles, and static exertion or isometric resistance training, based on sustained muscle contraction against a fixed load or resistance with no change in length of the muscles. 12 Mechanistic studies have shown that relatively short periods of resistance training could lead to improvements in a number of cardiovascular risk factors including insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, 5,11 and endothelial function, with reduced sympathetic neural activation. 13 Further, a small number of epidemiologic studies suggest a possible beneficial effect on survival, 14–16 but the results have been conflicting and inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Saeidifard

Medina‐Inojosa

West

et al. 2019

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

157

100

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Background The benefits of aerobic exercise are well-studied; there is no consensus on the association between resistance training and major adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address this issue. Design and methods We searched for randomized trials and cohort studies that evaluated the association between resistance training and mortality and cardiovascular events. Two investigators screened the identified abstracts and full-texts independently and in duplicate. Cochrane tools were used to assess the risk of bias. We calculated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using random effect models. Results From the 1430 studies identified, 11 (one randomized trial and 10 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria, totaling 370,256 participants with mean follow-up of 8.85 years. The meta-analysis showed that, compared with no exercise, resistance training was associated with 21% (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.79 (0.69–0.91)) and 40% (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.60 (0.49–0.72)) lower all-cause mortality alone and when combined with aerobic exercise, respectively. Furthermore, resistance training had a borderline association with lower cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.83 (0.67–1.03)). In addition, resistance training showed no significant association with cancer mortality. Risk of bias was low to intermediate in the included studies. One cohort study looked at the effect of resistance training on coronary heart disease events in men and found a 23% risk reduction (risk ratio, 0.77, CI: 0.61–0.98). Conclusion Resistance training is associated with lower mortality and appears to have an additive effect when combined with aerobic exercise. There are insufficient data to determine the potential beneficial effect of resistance training on non-fatal events or the effect of substituting aerobic exercise with resistance training.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Saeidifard

Medina‐Inojosa

West

et al. 2019

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

157

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…univentricular heart and Fontan palliation) the pulmonary circulation is supported substantially by ventilation and certain activities, such as the Valsalva maneuver, are contraindicated. While these risks do not apply to all exercises or to all forms of CHD, they are higher for static exercise and for high-intensity sports 36 which build muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness more effectively than dynamic 37 and/or low-intensity exercise, 38 respectively. Thus care must be taken when prescribing static exercise to CHD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better lung function with increased handgrip strength, as well as maximum oxygen uptake, in congenital heart disease across the lifespan

Smith

Müller

Neidenbach

et al. 2018

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Background The respiratory benefits of muscle strength are well-known in heart-healthy populations, but recommendations and research often focus instead on aerobic fitness (peak oxygen uptake) or total activity. Independent benefits of strength thus may be underestimated, especially in congenital heart disease where perceived dangers of certain types of exercise may outweigh perceived benefits. To assess whether it is plausible that pulmonary benefits of strength in heart-healthy populations also apply in congenital heart disease, we simultaneously correlated these patients’ lung function with fitness, strength, and cardiac diagnosis. Methods Lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second percentage predicted (FEV1%pred)) was modeled as function of handgrip strength, congenital heart disease diagnosis, peak oxygen uptake and the interactions of handgrip with sex and diagnosis in 538 Germans (58% male, ages 6–82 years) in linear models corrected for age, sex, height and weight. Congenital heart disease diagnoses were: complex cyanotic; Fallot/Truncus arteriosus communis (common arterial trunk) (TAC); shunts; transposition of the great arteries (TGA); left heart; and other/none. Results Each kg of handgrip was associated with 0.74% higher FEV1%pred ( p < 0.001) and handgrip explained almost 10% of variance in FEV1%pred. While some groups had higher FEV1%pred than others ( p for global null <0.0001), all experienced similar associations with strength ( p for interaction with handgrip >0.10 for both sex and diagnosis.) Correction for peak oxygen uptake eliminated the association with congenital heart disease, but not handgrip. Conclusion Strength was associated with better lung function in all ages even after correction for peak oxygen uptake, regardless of sex and congenital heart disease. This suggests that strength may be at least as important for lung function as aerobic fitness. Heart-safe strength training may improve pulmonary function in congenital heart disease.

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“…Additionally, evidence suggests that also tendon blood volume as well as tendon stiffness adaptations differ between both contraction modes (dynamic vs. isometric) [23]. Regarding muscular adaptations, ambiguous results have been identified with one study showing more pronounced muscle adaptations with dynamic resistance training [24] and others highlighting superior effects of isometric resistance training [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isometric blood flow restriction exercise: acute physiological and neuromuscular responses

Lauber

König

Gollhofer

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR) to low-load (LL) resistance exercise leads to elevated levels of muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. In terms of main underlying mechanisms, metabolic accumulation and increased neuromuscular adaptations seem to play a primary role. However, this evidence is largely based on dynamic exercise conditions. Therefore, the main objective was to investigate the acute physiological adaptations following isometric LL-BFR exercise. Methods Fifteen males participated in this cross-over trial and completed the following sessions in a random and counterbalanced order: isometric LL-BFR exercise (20% maximum voluntary contraction, MVC) and load matched LL exercise without BFR. Lactate levels, muscle activation as well as muscle swelling were recorded during the whole exercise and until 15 min post completion. Additionally, changes in maximal voluntary torque and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored. Results During exercise, EMG amplitudes (72.5 ± 12.7% vs. 46.3 ± 6.7% of maximal EMG activity), muscle swelling and RPE were significantly higher during LL-BFR compared to LL (p < 0.05). Lactate levels did not show significant group differences during exercise but revealed higher increases 15 min after completion in the LL-BFR condition (LL-BFR: + 69%, LL: + 22%) (p < 0.05). Additionally, MVC torque significantly decreased immediately post exercise only in LL-BFR (~ − 11%) (p < 0.05) but recovered after 15 min. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that isometric LL-BFR causes increased metabolic, neuromuscular as well as perceptual responses compared to LL alone. These adaptations are similar to dynamic exercise and therefore LL-BFR represents a valuable type of exercise where large joint movements are contraindicated (e.g. rehabilitation after orthopedic injuries).

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Static Versus Dynamic Training Programs for Muscular Strength Using the Knee Extensors in Healthy Young Men

Abstract: Nineteen young and healthy males (18-21 years)

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The association of resistance training with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Better lung function with increased handgrip strength, as well as maximum oxygen uptake, in congenital heart disease across the lifespan

Isometric blood flow restriction exercise: acute physiological and neuromuscular responses

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