Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based setting

Boudreau, Denise M.; Yu, Onchee; Buist, Diana S.M.; Miglioretti, Diana L.

doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9139-4

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, this association was not statistically significant nor was a dose dependent relationship observed. 20 Multiple theories for the role of statins in preventing metastatic or advanced prostate cancer have been proposed. In vitro the presence of statins has been known to cause apoptosis of prostate cancer cell lines directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men Presenting for Radical Prostatectomy on Preoperative Statin Therapy Have Reduced Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men Presenting for Radical Prostatectomy on Preoperative Statin Therapy Have Reduced Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

et al. 2010

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“…Unfortunately, the results were controversial. Seven studies showed that statins were associated with a statistically significant cancer risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) or relative risks (RRs) > 1.0 [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Conversely, seven other studies reported statins were associated with a decreased cancer risk [21,[27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Leung

Chan

et al. 2012

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

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“…12) Epidemiological studies have shown a reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer with the use of statins. [13][14][15][16] Statin use was also found to be associated with a reduction in the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer 17) and a decreased risk of cancer mortality. 18) Recent studies have shown statin drugs including atorvastatin (Lipitor ® ) inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.…”

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Mechanistic Study of Inhibitory Effects of Metformin and Atorvastatin in Combination on Prostate Cancer Cells <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i>

Wang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Metformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type II diabetes and atorvastatin is the most prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin. The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of metformin and atorvastatin in combination on human prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro and grown as xenograft tumor in vivo. Metformin in combination with atorvastatin had stronger effects on growth inhibition and apoptosis in PC-3 cells than either drug alone. The combination also potently inhibited cell migration and the formation of tumorspheres. Metformin and atorvastatin in combination had a potent inhibitory effect on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity and caused strong decreases in the expression of its downstream anti-apoptotic gene Survivin. Moreover, strong decreases in the levels of phospho-Akt and phosphorextracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 were found in the cells treated with the combination. The in vivo study showed that treatment of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with metformin or atorvastatin alone resulted in moderate inhibition of tumor growth while the combination strongly inhibited the growth of the tumors. Results of the present study indicate the combination of metformin and atorvastatin may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer and should be evaluated clinically.Key words prostate cancer; atorvastatin; metformin; apoptosis; combination Prostate cancer is one of the common types of malignant disease in males in the world and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The American Cancer Society estimates for 2016 approximately 180890 new cases will be diagnosed and 26120 men will die of the disease, accounting for about 8.3% of male cancer-related deaths. 1)Androgen deprivation therapy is an effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Unfortunately, almost all patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy will progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).2,3) Docetaxel is the most commonly prescribed first-line chemotherapy for CRPC. 4) Although docetaxel provides a modest (2.4-month) increase in median overall survival, many patients with CRPC cannot tolerate this cytotoxic chemotherapy due to advanced age, medical comorbidities, or limited bone marrow reserves. 5)Therefore, the identification of an effective alternative therapy with less toxicity may lead to increased survival and an improved QOL.Metformin is a well-established agent for the treatment of type II diabetes. In addition to its efficacy in lowering glucose levels, recent reports indicate it may have antitumor effects in various cancers, including prostate cancer. 6) Diabetic patients receiving metformin have been shown to have a reduced cancer incidence and a decrease in cancer-specific mortality.7) Further, epidemiologic evidence revealed a decreased incidence of prostate cancer in men taking metformin, 8,9) and both animal and in vitro models demonstrate its activity in prostate cancer cell lines. 10,11) Finall...

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Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population-based setting

Abstract: Background-Statins are a commonly used cholesterol-lowering drug, which also have the potential to affect cancer risk and progression. Results from previous studies offer mixed conclusions.

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Men Presenting for Radical Prostatectomy on Preoperative Statin Therapy Have Reduced Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

Men Presenting for Radical Prostatectomy on Preoperative Statin Therapy Have Reduced Serum Prostate Specific Antigen

Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Mechanistic Study of Inhibitory Effects of Metformin and Atorvastatin in Combination on Prostate Cancer Cells <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i>

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