Statins and IL-1β, IL-10, and MPO Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Preliminary Results

Abstract

Statins possess a wide variety of pleiotropic properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering abilities such as attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation and stimulating bone formation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of statins on clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Seventy-nine subjects with hyperlipidemia and 48 systemically healthy controls (C) were included. Hyperlipidemic patients were either given a diet (HD) or prescribed statin (HS). Patients were classified into three subgroups as those who were periodontally healthy (h), who had gingivitis (g), or who had chronic periodontitis (p). Blood samples were collected for the measurement of lipid profiles. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and MPO were measured in order to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of statins. Probing depth values of the HSp group were significantly lower than those of the Cp group. Percentage of BOP of the HSg group was significantly lower than those of the HDg and Cg groups. While the IL-1β level of the HSp group was significantly lower than that of the HDp group, IL-10 levels of the HSg group were significantly higher than those of the HDg group. MPO levels were significantly lower in the HSg group when compared to those in the HDg and Cg groups. Statin use decreased the IL-1β and MPO levels and enhanced IL-10 in GCF. It can be suggested that statins may attenuate periodontal inflammation and progression of periodontal inflammation.

The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

“…Concentration of GCF IL-1β and TNF-α were extensively studied in local inflammatory conditions as periodontitis 35,36,37,38 and perimplantitis 39,40,41,42,43,44 or even as a systemic inflammatory condition like diabetes 45,46 or connective tissue disease 47,48,49,50 . Comparing to these inflammatory conditions, cytokines were infrequently investigated in dental caries, especially in GCF of caries teeth 51,52,53 .…”

The effect of local and systemic statin use as an adjunct to non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy—A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The flowchart of the literature search is presented in Figure 1. Out of 383 identified studies, 26 articles were selected for full-text review; 7 trials [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] were excluded for various reasons (Appendix S3).…”

Contribution of Statins towards Periodontal Treatment: A Review

“…Statins have also been reported to have anabolic effects on the bone by augmenting bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression, thus contributing towards the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts (OBs) [18]. In view of their beneficial properties, statins have been presented as new potential candidates for improving periodontal therapy outcomes [19, 20].…”