Stationary scanning x-ray source based on carbon nanotube field emitters

Zhang, J.; Yang, Guang; Cheng, Yuan; Gao, Bo; Qiu, Qi; Lee, Y. Z.; Lu, Jianping; Zhou, Otto

doi:10.1063/1.1923750

Cited by 180 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Physical experiments have produced some compelling results, with exposure times on the order of 10 seconds [1,8]. If the flux is too low, then the image quality will suffer with a low SNR.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used to generate x-rays at room temperature, consuming far less power than x-ray emitters in current CT scanners [1]. Moreover, work is being done to integrate these tiny x-ray devices into a flexible array such that each emitter can be individually pulsed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments by Zhang et al [1,8] have produced x-ray images from a small bank of CNT emitters, each spaced just over a centimetre apart. Smaller x-ray generators could potentially be interleaved with detectors around the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Toward a Flexible and Portable CT Scanner

Orchard

Yeow

2008

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2008

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Abstract. The very hot and power-hungry x-ray filaments in today's computed tomography (CT) scanners constrain their design to be big and stationary. What if we built a CT scanner that could be deployed at the scene of a car accident to acquire tomographic images before moving the victim? Recent developments in nanotechnology have shown that carbon nanotubes can produce x-rays at room temperature, and with relatively low power needs. We propose a design for a portable and flexible CT scanner made up of an addressable array of tiny x-ray emitters and detectors. In this paper, we outline a basic design, propose a strategy for reconstruction, and demonstrate the concept using a software simulation of the scanner. We also raise a number of issues that still need to be overcome to build such a scanner.

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Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Flexible and Portable CT Scanner

Orchard

Yeow

2008

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2008

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“…CNTs have been considered to be one of the priorities for the future nanodevices. For examples, shaped STM tip [56], [57], nanotweezers [58], mechanical memory [59], rotational actuator [60], single electron transistor [61], field-effect transistors (FETs) [62], field emitter [63], [64], Field Emission Microscopy (FEM) [65], gas chemical sensors [66], hydrogen storages [67], nanothemometers [68], flow sensors [69], SEM cathodes of field-emission emitter to develop the miniaturized SEM system [70], [71], x-ray source based on their field emitters [72], have been proposed for the attractive nanodevices. Nanobio application has included as desired applications using nanodevices.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano Robotic Manipulation inside Electron Microscopes

Fukuda

Nakajima

Liu

2008

SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration

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: We report nanomanipulation and nanoassembly through nanorobotic manipulation inside electron microscopes. A hybrid nanorobotic manipulation system, which is integrated with a nanorobotic manipulator inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanorobotic manipulators inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is used. The elasticity of a multi-walled CNT (MWNT) is measured inside a TEM. The telescoping MWNT is fabricated by peeling off outer layers through destructive fabrication process. The electrostatic actuation of telescoping MWNT is directly observed by a TEM. A cutting technique for CNTs assisted by the presence of oxygen gas is also presented. The cutting procedure was conducted in less than 1 minute using a low-energy electron beam inside a scanning electron microscope. A bending technique of a CNT assisted by the presence of oxygen gas is also applied for the 3-D fabrication of nanosturucture. We expect that these techniques will be applied for the rapid prototyping nanoassembly of various CNT nanodevices. For the nano-biological applications, environmental-SEM (E-SEM) nanomanipulation system is also presented with the direct observation of the hydroscopic samples with non-drying treatment.

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“…[10][11][12] CNTs have been widely studied as field emission electron sources for a variety of electronic devices including displays, 13,14 x-ray tubes, [15][16][17] and point electron source. 18 CNT based field emission cathodes have certain advantages over conventional thermionic cathodes in terms of low operating temperature, instantaneous response time, cathode design flexibility, and potential for miniaturization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nanotube based electron microbeam cellular irradiator for radiobiology research

Bordelon

Zhang

Graboski

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A prototype cellular irradiator utilizing a carbon nanotube ͑CNT͒ based field emission electron source has been developed for microscopic image-guided cellular region irradiation. The CNT cellular irradiation system has shown great potential to be a high temporal and spatial resolution research tool to enable researchers to gain a better understanding of the intricate cellular and intercellular microprocesses occurring following radiation deposition, which is essential to improving radiotherapy cancer treatment outcomes. In this paper, initial results of the system development are reported. The relationship between field emission current, the dose rate, and the dose distribution has been investigated. A beam size of 23 m has been achieved with variable dose rates of 1-100 Gy/s, and the system dosimetry has been measured using a radiochromic film. Cell irradiation has been demonstrated by the visualization of H2AX phosphorylation at DNA double-strand break sites following irradiation in a rat fibroblast cell monolayer. The prototype single beam cellular irradiator is a preliminary step to a multipixel cell irradiator that is under development.

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Stationary scanning x-ray source based on carbon nanotube field emitters

Cited by 180 publications

References 13 publications

Toward a Flexible and Portable CT Scanner

Toward a Flexible and Portable CT Scanner

Nano Robotic Manipulation inside Electron Microscopes

A nanotube based electron microbeam cellular irradiator for radiobiology research

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