Statistical Analysis of Dual-task Gait Characteristics for Cognitive Score Estimation

Abstract

Traditional approaches for the screening of cognitive function are often based on paper tests, such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), that evaluate the degree of cognitive impairment and provide a score of patient’s mental ability. Procedures for conducting paper tests require time investment involving a questioner and not suitable to be carried out frequently. Previous studies showed that dementia impaired patients are not capable of multi-tasking efficiently. Based on this observation an automated system utilizing Kinect device for collecting primarily patient’s gait data who carry out locomotion and calculus tasks individually (i.e., single-tasks) and then simultaneously (i.e., dual-task) was introduced. We installed this system in three elderly facilities and collected 10,833 behavior data from 90 subjects. We conducted analyses of the acquired information extracting 12 features of single- and dual-task performance developed a method for automatic dementia score estimation to investigate determined which characteristics are the most important. In result, a machine learning algorithm using single and dual-task performance classified subjects with an MMSE score of 23 or lower with a recall 0.753 and a specificity 0.799. We found the gait characteristics were important features in the score estimation, and referring to both single and dual-task features was effective.

Relationship between post-traumatic amnesia and white matter integrity in traumatic brain injury using tract-based spatial statistics

“…MMSE evaluates orientation, memory, attention, calculation, visuospatial, and language abilities 15 . The maximum score is 30 points, and a score of 24 or lower indicates that a patient possibly has cognitive impairment 16 . The reliability and validity of the MMSE are well-established 15 .…”

Accuracy of Temporo-Spatial and Lower Limb Joint Kinematics Parameters Using OpenPose for Various Gait Patterns With Orthosis

“…According to previous studies, the Kinect can measure temporo-spatial parameters, such as gait speed, step time, and step length, with high reliability [8], [9]. It can also be used as an exergaming aid for the prefrail and frail elderly and in the assessment of the cognitive function by measuring dualtask gait, as it can accurately estimate human poses based on a machine learning algorithm [10], [11]. However, the measurement of lower extremity sagittal plane kinematics using a depth camera-based estimation system is not highly accurate.…”

Pathological Gait Signatures of Post-stroke Dementia With Toe-Off and Heel-to-Ground Angles Discriminate From Alzheimer’s Disease

“…The dual-task gait test is the most popular method to investigate gait in individuals challenged by cognitive complaints and it sensitively detects gait perturbation, because it increases the gap between dementia patients and healthy populations ( Al-Yahya et al, 2011 ; Amboni et al, 2013 ; Matsuura et al, 2019 ). Walking while performing a cognitive task will divert more attention, executive function, memory, or even visual and aural resources to complete cognitive tasks as a priority.…”