Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

Yang, Na; Le, Huijun; Liu, Libo

doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0365-1

Cited by 36 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The corresponding time intervals for NIMS were 21:00 to almost 23:00, 23:00 to almost 01:00, and 01:00 to almost 03:00 UT. tical study of Yang et al (2015) shows a consistent decrease in magnetic latitude from low to high Kp values. In such comparisons, it is important to appreciate that different observing techniques have been used and during different times in the solar cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Lunt et al (1999) observed an average TEC difference between NIMS and GPS of some 1.6 TECU at 50.4 • N, reducing to 0.75 TECU at 51.4 • N and to about 0.05 TECU at 52.4 • N at solar minimum. Yang et al (2015) also report an essentially constant TEC at the trough minimum of about 4-5 TECU regardless of Kp, and indicate that investigation of the TEC and temperature at the trough minimum is needed to help with understanding the physical processes responsible for trough formation. When they categorized the data by season, a small decrease in TEC was observed at the trough minimum with MLT at summer and equinox.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A radio receiver on the ground has up to 10 satellites in its field-of-view at any one time and can be used to measure the TEC along the satellite-to-receiver paths. The system was used in the statistical study of Yang et al (2015) to investigate the trough dependency on season, geomagnetic activity and solar conditions. Consideration was given to the position of the trough minimum, the trough depth and width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The main ionospheric trough is a large-scale spatial depletion in the electron density distribution at the interface between the high-and mid-latitude ionosphere. In western Europe it appears in early evening, progresses equatorward during the night, and retreats rapidly poleward at dawn. It exhibits substantial day-to-day variability and under conditions of increased geomagnetic activity it moves progressively to lower latitudes. Steep gradients on the trough-walls on either side of the trough minimum, and their variability, can cause problems for radio applications. Numerous studies have sought to characterize and quantify the trough behaviour.The Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) models the ionosphere on a global scale. It assimilates observations into a background ionosphere, the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI2007), to provide a full 3-D representation of the ionospheric plasma distribution at specified times and days. This current investigation studied the capability of EDAM to model the ionosphere in the region of the main trough. Total electron content (TEC) measurements from 46 GPS stations in western Europe from September to December 2002 were assimilated into EDAM to provide a model of the ionosphere in the trough region. Vertical electron content profiles through the model revealed the trough and the detail of its structure. Statistical results are presented of the latitude of the trough minimum, TEC at the minimum and of other defined parameters that characterize the trough structure. The results are compared with previous observations made with the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS), and reveal the potential of EDAM to model the large-scale structure of the ionosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC

et al. 2018

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“…The trough is discovered as early as 1960s by using topside sounder (Muldrew, ). Following that, scientists using ground‐based ionosonde networks (Dudeney et al, ; Rodger & Pinnock, ; Rothkaehl et al, ; Whalen, ), incoherent scatter radar facilities (Hedin et al, ; Ishida et al, ; Weber et al, ), and Global Positioning System (GPS) TEC (total electron content) measurements (Krankowski et al, ; Le et al, ; Yang et al, ; Yizengaw & Moldwin, ) observed the trough. Nevertheless, these observations confirm that the trough is a nighttime prominent phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Midlatitude Trough and the Plasmapause in the Nighttime Ionosphere Simultaneously Observed by DEMETER During 2006–2009

Chen

Liu

Lee³

et al. 2018

JGR Space Physics

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This paper concurrently investigates the midlatitude trough and the plasmapause positions in the ionosphere by colocated measurements of the electron density, electron temperature, and whistler count probed by DEMETER (Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite in the nighttime at 2230 LT (local time; 1900–0100 MLT, magnetic local time, mainly in the premidnight period) during the 4‐year period of 2006–2009. More than 13,000 Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions orbits of the electron density and the electron temperature are used to search the trough position, while the same amount of the whistler count is employed to determine the plasmapause position at the satellite altitude. The plasmapause is more sensitive to solar activity, which moves equatorward 1.0–1.2° form the low to high solar activity of the study period. On the other hand, the midlatitude trough is more sensitive to seasonal variation, which shifts poleward 1.7–2.5° from the winter to summer month in the study period. The midlatitude trough usually appears in the poleward side of the plasmapause during the study period. Both of the midlatitude trough and the plasmapause move equatorward during the magnetic disturbed condition. For the magnetic disturbed Kp ≥ 6−, the midlatitude trough can appear in the equatorward side of the plasmapause.

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“…The latitudinal range between 40° and 70° magnetic latitude has been demonstrated to be suitable by Yang et al (2015). Deminov et al (1995a) demonstrated that the trough position primarily depends on the actual magnetic activity level.…”

Section: Selection Of Trough-like Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of the mid-latitude trough position during different categories of magnetic storms and different storm intensities

Yang

Liu

2016

Earth Planets Space

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The ionospheric mid-latitude trough minimum position as a function of geomagnetic storm time is identified and investigated statistically in terms of the category and the intensity of storms. The data of ion density derived from DMSP and DEMETER satellites were used to extract the trough position. The variations of mid-latitude trough in 41 moderate magnetic storms and 88 intense magnetic storms in the 23rd solar cycle were studied. The results show that the trough moves toward the equator as Dst index decreases and toward the pole as Dst index increases. Compared with the ICME, MC and CIR storms, in sheath storms the trough shifts to lower latitude at the end of the main phase, although the average storm intensity is weak. During the storm recovery phase, the rapid recovery of the trough position can be seen at the start of the recovery phase for moderate CIR storms. We also calculated the correlation between the minimum latitude of the trough position and the storm magnitude as well as other related main phase parameters during all storms. We found that the minimum latitude of the trough position exhibits a strong correlation with the storm magnitude during magnetic storms. However, the correlation coefficients between the trough position and other related main phase parameters are very low.

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Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC

Modelling the main ionospheric trough using the Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) with assimilated GPS TEC

The Midlatitude Trough and the Plasmapause in the Nighttime Ionosphere Simultaneously Observed by DEMETER During 2006–2009

Statistical analysis of the mid-latitude trough position during different categories of magnetic storms and different storm intensities

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