Statistical analysis of PM2.5 observations from diplomatic facilities in China

Martini, F. M. San; Hasenkopf, C. A.; Roberts, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.060

Cited by 96 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The difference between the trends of AOD and API is that there was no obvious increase in 2010 and 2011. This might because the air quality standard released in 1996 did not consider PM 2.5 and thus underestimated the role of fine particulate matter [62,63]. Furthermore, as suggested by Figure 5, the fine mode aerosol fraction has increased, which indicates that fine aerosol particles (PM 2.5 ) might play a more important role in the deterioration of the air quality in Beijing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014

et al. 2016

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Aerosol particles are the major contributor to the deterioration of air quality in China's capital, Beijing. Using ground-based sun photometer observations from 2005 to 2014, the long-term variations in optical properties and microphysical properties of aerosol in and around Beijing were investigated in this study. The results indicated little inter-annual variations in aerosol optic depth (AOD) but an increase in the fine mode AODs both in and outside Beijing. Furthermore, the single scattering albedo in urban Beijing is larger, while observations at the site that is southeast of Beijing suggested that the aerosol there has become more absorbing. The intra-annual aspects were as follow: The largest AOD and high amount of fine mode aerosols are observed in the summer. However, the result of air pollution index (API) that mainly affected by the dry density of near-surface aerosol indicated that the air quality has been improving since 2006. Winter and spring were the most polluted seasons considering only the API values. The inconsistency between AOD and API suggested that fine aerosol particles may have a more important role in the deterioration of air quality and that neglecting particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in the calculation of API might not be appropriate in air quality evaluation. Through analysis of the aerosol properties in high API days, the results suggested that the fine mode aerosol, especially PM 2.5 has become a major contributor to the aerosol pollution in Beijing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014

et al. 2016

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“…In the BAM technique, PM is collected on a quartz filter tape over a given time interval and the attenuation of beta rays through the sample is measured and correlated directly with the PM mass. The details and the statistical analysis results of the BAM observation at the US Embassy and consulates are found in the work of San Martini et al (2015).…”

Section: Pm-712mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate transboundary heavy pollution over East Asia in winter

et al. 2017

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Abstract. High PM 2.5 concentrations of around 100 µg m −3 were observed twice during an intensive observation campaign in January 2015 at Fukuoka (33.52 • N, 130.47 • E) in western Japan. These events were analyzed comprehensively with a regional chemical transport model and synergetic ground-based observations with state-of-the-art measurement systems, which can capture the behavior of secondary inorganic aerosols (SO 3 ) was high for both types. A sensitivity simulation in the chemical transport model showed that the dominant contribution was from transboundary air pollution for both types. To investigate the differences between these types further, the chemical transport model results were examined, and a backward trajectory analysis was used to provide additional information. During both types of episodes, high concentrations of NO − 3 were found above China, and an air mass that originated from northeast China reached Fukuoka. The travel time from the coastline of China to Fukuoka differed between types: it was 18 h for type N and 24 h for type S. The conversion ratio of SO 2 to SO 2− 4 (F s ) was less than 0.1 for type N, but reached 0.3 for type S as the air mass approached Fukuoka. The higher F s for type S was related to the higher relative humidity and the concentration of HO 2 , which produces H 2 O 2 , the most effective oxidant for the aqueous-phase production of SO 2− 4 . Analyzing the gas ratio as an indicator of the sensitivity of NO − 3 to changes in SO 2− 4 and NH + 4 showed that the air mass over China was NH 3 -rich for type N, but almost NH 3 -neutral for type S. Thus, although the high concentration of NO

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“…Heavy air pollution hazes largely caused by high aerosol loading have frequently occurred in Beijing [23][24][25]. Meanwhile, the heavy air pollution is reflected in an especially sharp increase in respiratory diseases [19,20,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Aerosol Types in Beijing and the Associations with Air Pollution from 2004 to 2015

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:With the fast development of the economy and expansion, a large number of people have concentrated in Beijing over the past few decades, leading to the result that Beijing has become home to one of the most complex mixtures of aerosol types in the world. The various aerosol types play different roles in the determination of global climate change, visibility, and human health. However, to the best of our knowledge, research has rarely analyzed the correlation between aerosol types and air quality index (AQI) in Beijing (urban and suburban) over a long-term series of observations. Therefore, in this study, we aim to identify and discuss the different aerosol types and AQI in Beijing from 2004 to 2015. The aerosol types are classified into six categories: dust, mixed, highly-absorbing, moderately-absorbing, slightly-absorbing, and scattering by a multiple clustering method with the fine mode fraction (FMF) and single scattering albedo (SSA) data of retrievals from the global Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer sites. The AQI levels: are good (0-50); moderate (51-100); unhealthy for sensitive groups (101-150); unhealthy (151-200); very unhealthy (201-300); and hazardous (>300). The results show that a significant FMF variability occurred among different seasons in Beijing, with maximum values present in spring and minimum values in winter. The SSA values exhibit variation, with small fluctuations from season to season. In the case of BJ station, the scattering aerosols are more frequent in summer (39%) and less in winter (1%), while the coarse particles (dust) are more frequent in spring (18%) and less in autumn (6%). In contrast, the absorbing aerosols (especially slightly-absorbing) are more frequent in summer (35%) and winter (15%). However, the mixed aerosol types are more frequent in spring (38%) and less in summer (8%). There is a similar seasonal variation in XH. In the past 12 years, the slightly-absorbing aerosol type in Beijing has increased by approximately 14%, which is believed to be due to the rapid development of industrial cities. In addition, comparing the urban and suburban regions, the slightly-absorbing aerosol type is the dominant aerosol type in both areas. Furthermore, to identify the dominant aerosol types which lead to air pollution, a related analysis was carried out by analyzing different aerosol types and the relationship between aerosol types and AQI. The results indicate that the air pollution was strongly correlated to slightly-absorbing aerosols, in which the percentage of slightly-absorbing aerosols was about 49% during the hazardous days in 2013-2015, and the correlation between AQI and aerosol types is also strong (R 2 = 0.76 and 0.97, in Beijing and Xianghe).

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Statistical analysis of PM2.5 observations from diplomatic facilities in China

Cited by 96 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014

Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014

Nitrate transboundary heavy pollution over East Asia in winter

Characteristics of Aerosol Types in Beijing and the Associations with Air Pollution from 2004 to 2015

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