“…For example, (Koo et al, 2020), underscored the efficacy of ARIMA in predicting PM10 levels in Malaysia, demonstrating the model's capacity to capture the seasonal variances in air pollutant concentrations. Similarly, (Katsoulis and Pnevmatikos, 2009), successfully applied ARIMA models to predict daily PM10 concentrations in Athens, Greece, showcasing the model's adaptability across diverse environmental settings. Comparative analyses, such as the study by (Peralta et al, 2022), which evaluated neural networks against ARIMA models for air pollution forecasting in Santiago, Chile, revealed that despite neural networks' marginally better accuracy, ARIMA models' simplicity and interpretability render them a practical option for air quality prediction.…”