Statistical analysis regarding the effects of height and weight on life span of the domestic dog

Greer, Kimberly A.; Canterberry, Sarah C.; Murphy, Keith E.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.06.005

Cited by 202 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This parameter sheds light on the studies by both Favier et al (2001) and Nap et al (1994) which indicated no correlation between IGF-1 and early life size up to 27 weeks of age. When these results are compared to previously published life span analyses (Greer et al 2007;Eigenmann et al 1988), the correlation between body size and longevity corresponds to those demonstrated here of larger body weight being in positive correlation to increased IGF-1 levels or diminished longevity. Although this study correlates IGF-1 levels with size in dogs without direct measurements of individual animals' life span, the findings could be indicative that the rate of growth is actually an important key factor for subsequent life span.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Connecting serum IGF-1, body size, and age in the domestic dog

Greer

Hughes

Masternak

2010

AGE

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Many investigations in recent years have targeted understanding the genetic and biochemical basis of aging. Collectively, genetic factors and biological mechanisms appear to influence longevity in general and specifically; reduction of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling cascade has extended life span in diverse species. Genetic alteration of mammals for life extension indicates correlation to serum IGF-1 levels in mice, and IGF-1 levels have been demonstrated as a physiological predictor of frailty with aging in man. Longevity and aging data in the dog offer a close measure of the natural multifactorial longevity interactions of genetic influence, IGF-1 signaling, and environmental factors such as exposure, exercise, and lifestyle. The absence of genetic alteration more closely represents the human longevity status, and the unique species structure of the canine facilitates analyses not possible in other species. These investigations aimed to measure serum IGF-1 in numerous purebred and mixed-breed dogs of variable size and longevity in comparison to age, gender, and spay/neuter differences. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine plasma IGF-1 levels in the adult dog, including a wide range of breeds and adult body weight. The sample set includes animals ranging from just a few months of age through 204 months and ranging in size from 5 to 160 lb. Four groups were evaluated for serum IGF-1 levels, including intact and neutered males, and intact and spayed females. IGF-1 loss over time, as a function of age, decreases in all groups with significant differences between males and females. The relationship between IGF-1 and weight differs depending upon spay/neuter status, but there is an overall increase in IGF-1 levels with increasing weight. The data, currently being interrogated further for delineation of IGF-1 receptor variants and sex differences, are being collected longitudinally and explored for longevity associations previously unavailable in non-genetically modified mammals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Previous work demonstrated that a dog's weight is more predictive of life span than height, breed, or breed group (Greer et al 2007). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting serum IGF-1, body size, and age in the domestic dog

Greer

Hughes

Masternak

2010

AGE

Self Cite

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“…In dogs, the IGF1 promotor has been shown to be the most potent determinant of size (17), and IGFI levels in dogs are associated with lifespan (19). Severe short stature and extremely high IGFI levels were observed in a family with a mutation in the IGF1 gene, leading to an altered protein sequence associated with a decreased affinity to the IGFIR (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally significant insulin-like growth factor I receptor mutations in centenarians

Suh

Atzmon

Cho

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

641

474

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Rather than being a passive, haphazard process of wear and tear, lifespan can be modulated actively by components of the insulin/ insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI) pathway in laboratory animals. Complete or partial loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding components of the insulin/IGFI pathway result in extension of life span in yeasts, worms, flies, and mice. This remarkable conservation throughout evolution suggests that altered signaling in this pathway may also influence human lifespan. On the other hand, evolutionary tradeoffs predict that the laboratory findings may not be relevant to human populations, because of the high fitness cost during early life. Here, we studied the biochemical, phenotypic, and genetic variations in a cohort of Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians, their offspring, and offspring-matched controls and demonstrated a gender-specific increase in serum IGFI associated with a smaller stature in female offspring of centenarians. Sequence analysis of the IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) genes of female centenarians showed overrepresentation of heterozygous mutations in the IGF1R gene among centenarians relative to controls that are associated with high serum IGFI levels and reduced activity of the IGFIR as measured in transformed lymphocytes. Thus, genetic alterations in the human IGF1R that result in altered IGF signaling pathway confer an increase in susceptibility to human longevity, suggesting a role of this pathway in modulation of human lifespan.IGF1 receptor ͉ human longevity ͉ genetic variation

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“…This is demonstrated in the variation in longevity between breeds; with Great Danes having an average life expectancy of 6.5 years, in comparison to Jack Russell Terriers of 14 -16 years (Palika, 2007;Adams et al, 2010). A dog's body weight and sexual entirety is also correlated to longevity, with smaller dog breeds and neutered individuals typically living longer (Moore et al, 2001;Galis et al, 2007;Greer et al, 2007;Adams et al, 2010). …”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%