Statistical approach for the characterization of NO2 concentrations in Beirut

Afif, Charbel; Dutot, A.; Jambert, Corinne; Abboud, Maher; Adjizian-Gérard, Jocelyne; Farah, Wehbeh; Perros, P.; Rizk, Toufic

doi:10.1007/s11869-009-0034-2

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In fact, air pollution may trigger various mechanisms related to the development of SV, such as systemic inflammation, activation of thrombosis pathways, arteriolar narrowing and impaired vasodilation, and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis (Brook, 2008). However, the capital, Beirut, is the most populated city in Lebanon and also highly polluted (Afif et al, 2009;Borgie et al, 2014), and this may further explain the correlation between Beirut residency and the SV subtype in our study. Another hypothesis that should be tested in future studies is the relationship between stroke subtypes and obesity, a potential residual confounding risk factor in the multivariable regressions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A retrospective analysis of 254 acute stroke cases admitted to two university hospitals in Beirut: classification and associated factors

Lahoud¹

2017

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SummaryLebanon is a developing country where the prevalence of stroke subtypes and their correlation with risk factors have not been studied, even though stroke management is an ongoing major national healthcare challenge. In a retrospective study conducted in two university hospitals, data were collected on all stroke cases admitted in 2012 and 2013. Ischemic strokes were then classified according to a modified TOAST classification. A total of 254 inpatients (mean age 68.41 years ±13.34, 55.1% males) was included in the study; of these, 15% had had a hemorrhagic stroke and was therefore excluded. Conversely to findings from studies in other Arab and Asian countries, where small vessel disease is the most frequent subtype, our study showed a predominance of large artery atherosclerosis (53.5%) which, in comparison with other subtypes, was found to be associated with dyslipidemia (OR= 3.82,]; p=0.001). Cardioembolic stroke and small vessel disease were found to be positively associated with aging and living in Beirut, respectively. Larger studies are needed to explain these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A retrospective analysis of 254 acute stroke cases admitted to two university hospitals in Beirut: classification and associated factors

Lahoud¹

2017

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“…ranean Sea, air quality has continuously deteriorated leading to high pollutant levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values (WHO, 2005); for instance, Afif et al (2009) reported an annual average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in Beirut from December 2004 to June 2006, of 67 µg m −3 which is higher than the WHO annual recommended value of 40 µg m −3 (WHO, 2005). In addition, high levels of particulate matter, PM 10 and PM 2.5 , were obtained with annual concentrations of 64 and 20 µg m −3 respectively (Massoud et al, 2011), exceeding WHO guideline values of 20 and 10 µg m −3 .…”

Section: T Salameh Et Al: Source Apportionment Vs Emission Inventomentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We applied the positive matrix factorization model to two large data sets collected during two intensive measurement campaigns (summer 2011 and winter 2012) at a suburban site in Beirut, Lebanon, in order to identify NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) sources and quantify their contribution to ambient levels. Six factors were identified in winter and five factors in summer. PMF-resolved source profiles were consistent with source profiles established by near-field measurements. The major sources were traffic-related emissions (combustion and gasoline evaporation) in winter and in summer accounting for 51 and 74 wt %, respectively, in agreement with the national emission inventory. The gasoline evaporation related to traffic source had a significant contribution regardless of the season (22 wt % in winter and 30 wt % in summer). The NMHC emissions from road transport are estimated from observations and PMF results, and compared to local and global emission inventories. The PMF analysis finds reasonable differences on emission rates, of 20-39 % higher than the national road transport inventory. However, global inventories (ACCMIP, EDGAR, MACCity) underestimate the emissions up to a factor of 10 for the transportation sector. When combining emission inventory to our results, there is strong evidence that control measures in Lebanon should be targeted on mitigating the NMHC emissions from the traffic-related sources. From a global perspective, an assessment of VOC (volatile organic compounds) anthropogenic emission inventories for the Middle East region as a whole seems necessary as these emissions could be much higher than expected at least from the road transport sector.

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“…4.b), a downward trend from February to June is observed. The works of Stevenson et al (2001) and Afif et al (2009) have shown that high values of NO2 are observed in winter (low temperature) and low values are observed in summer (high temperature). This observation can be explained by the fact that high temperatures promote destruction of NO2 through chemical reactions with other chemical species that contributes to its removal from the atmosphere in summer (Gupta et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Study in Urban Centers: Case Study of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Nanaa¹,

Sanogob²,

Savadogoa³

et al. 2012

FJOTE

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In this work, a study on air quality in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) was carried out. The concentration levels of NO2, SO2, BTEX and PM10 in the city have been quantified. The results show that NO2 concentrations (range from 22 to 27 µg m -3 on average) in the city remain below the limit set by the WHO standard, except for downtown where values often exceed this standard. The average concentrations of SO2 (range from 0.5 to 10.5 µg m -3 ) remain low in general throughout the city. The concentrations of BTEX (e.g. benzene: 27.9 µg m -3 ) are high in the city. PM10 concentrations are very high in the city in general; they exceed the limit set by the WHO standard by a factor of 3 to 4. These PM10 are mostly composed of dust from the desert and the re-suspension of dust particles related to vehicles traffic on unpaved roads. Two daily peaks for PM10 are observed at heavy traffic hours. Finally, the study showed that the values of PM10 concentrations observed are in the same order of magnitude of those generally observed in the Sahelian region (range from 119 to 227µg m -3 ).

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Statistical approach for the characterization of NO2 concentrations in Beirut

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

A retrospective analysis of 254 acute stroke cases admitted to two university hospitals in Beirut: classification and associated factors

A retrospective analysis of 254 acute stroke cases admitted to two university hospitals in Beirut: classification and associated factors

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

Air Quality Study in Urban Centers: Case Study of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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