Statistical approaches in wind sector analyses for assessing local source impacts

Somerville, Matthew C.; Mukerjee, Shaibal; Fox, Donald L.; Stevens, Robert K.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90006-x

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…10 A few studies reported sampling and size characterization procedures for examining ambient comparable PM from power generation plants by using source dilution techniques. 11,12 However, inadequacies still exist in these approaches. Key challenges have been identified in the selection of optimum conditions and control of experimental parameters such as dilution ratio and residence time, portability of equipment, and incomplete PM speciation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Profiles of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Pilot-Scale Boiler Burning North American Coal Blends

Lee

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Recent awareness of suspected adverse health effects from ambient particulate matter (PM) emission has prompted publication of new standards for fine PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ). However, scientific data on fine PM emissions from various point sources and their characteristics are very limited. Source apportionment methods are applied to identify contributions of individual regional sources to tropospheric particulate concentrations. The existing industrial database developed using traditional source measurement techniques provides total emission rates only, with no details on chemical nature or size characteristics of particulates. This database is inadequate, in current form, to address source-receptor relationships.A source dilution system was developed for sampling and characterization of total PM, PM 2.5 , and PM 10 (i.e., PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) from residual oil and coal combustion. This new system has automatic control capabilities for key parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), temperature, and sample dilution. During optimization of the prototype equipment, three North American coal blends were burned using a 0.7-megawatt thermal (MW t ) pulverized coal-fired, pilot-scale boiler. Characteristic emission profiles, including PM 2.5 and total PM soluble acids, and elemental and carbon concentrations for three coal blends are presented.Preliminary results indicate that volatile trace elements such as Pb, Zn, Ti, and Se are preferentially enriched in PM 2.5 . PM 2.5 is also more concentrated in soluble sulfates relative to total PM. Coal fly ash collected at the outlet of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) contains about 85-90% PM 10 and 30-50% PM 2.5 . Particles contain the highest elemental concentrations of Si and Al while Ca, Fe, Na, Ba, and K also exist as major elements. Approximately 4-12% of the materials exists as soluble sulfates in fly ash generated by coal blends containing 0.2-0.8% sulfur by mass. Source profile data for an eastern U.S. coal show good agreement with those reported from a similar study done in the United States. Based on the inadequacies identified in the initial sampling equipment, a new, plume-simulating fine PM measurement system with modular components for field use is being developed for determining coal combustion PM source profiles from utility boiler stacks. INTRODUCTIONA considerable increase in scientific and regulatory discussions and research activities has been noted since new fine particulate standards were published in North America.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Profiles of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Pilot-Scale Boiler Burning North American Coal Blends

Lee

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Two of the 1993 twelve-hour averages were excluded from the analysis as a consequence of applying this criterion. Additional details on the study design and data collection methods can be found in Mukerjee et al (1994) and Somerville et al (1994).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Wind Direction of Maximum Air Pollutant Concentration

1996

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SUMMARYThe evaluation of evidence concerning the existence and nature of associations between concentrations of air pollutants and wind direction can aid in investigating relationships between an emission source and measured pollutant levels at nearby sites. In this paper we present a model based on the beta function which can be used to provide an estimate of the direction of maximum pollutant concentration with a corresponding confidence interval. The model was fitted to meteorological and pollutant concentration data collected during two time periods at a site near Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. Estimates and confidence intervals are reported, accompanied with results of hypothesis tests concerning the existence of associations between wind direction and pollutant concentration. Some implications of the results for future monitoring efforts are discussed.

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“…These (11,12). Statistical approaches were used, incorporating wind sector analyses, to qualitatively assess the incinerators' contributton to the monitoring site, using certain marker pollutants measured by the VAPS which are commonly associated with incinerator emissions (11,13,14). Integrating the results of the CMB receptor modeling in the context of wind sector analysis and applying scaling factors to the deposition estimates produced by dispersion modeling, it was possible to assess the incinerator's impact at the residential location of each study participant (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison community lies west of the hazardous waste industrial furnace. Wind sector analysis, incorporating meteorological data and ambient air concentrations, was used to identify the likely contribution of air emissions from the incinerators to the total particle mass With the exception of the MCo site, the (12)(13)(14). Fine particulate zinc, lead, and highest concentration of zinc was observed HCO gas were assumed as markers of incinon days when the monitoring station was erator emissions (16)(17)(18)(19) parisons, but exceptions to this pattern were observed when the wind shifted to a different direction, i.e., from the west for the biomedical pair and from the north for the municipal pair of communities.…”

Section: Description Of Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Waste Incinerators Induce Adverse Respiratory Effects? An Air Quality and Epidemiological Study of Six Communities

Shy¹,

Degnan²,

Fox³

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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The purpose of the study presented here was to simultaneously measure air quality and respiratory function and symptoms in populations living in the neighborhood of waste incinerators and to estimate the contribution of incinerator emissions to the particulate air mass in these neighborhoods. We studied the residents of three communities having, respectively, a biomedical and a municipal incinerator, and a liquid hazardous waste-burning industrial furnace. We compared results with three matched-comparison communities. We did not detect differences in concentrations of particulate matter among any of the three pairs of study communities. Average fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) concentrations measured for 35 days varied across study communities from 16 to 32 μg/m 3 . Within the same community, daily concentrations of fine particulates varied by as much as eightfold, from 10 to 80 μg/m 3 , and were nearly identical within each pair of communities. Direct measurements of air quality and estimates based on a chemical mass balance receptor model showed that incinerator emissions did not have a major or even a modest impact on routinely monitored air pollutants. A one-time baseline descriptive survey ( n = 6963) did not reveal consistent community differences in the prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory symptoms between incinerator and comparison communities, nor did we see a difference in baseline lung function tests or in the average peak expiratory flow rate measured over a period of 35 days. Based on this analysis of the first year of our study, we conclude that we have no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no acute or chronic respiratory effects associated with residence in any of the three incinerator communities. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 5. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7.

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Statistical approaches in wind sector analyses for assessing local source impacts

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Source Profiles of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Pilot-Scale Boiler Burning North American Coal Blends

Source Profiles of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Pilot-Scale Boiler Burning North American Coal Blends

Estimating the Wind Direction of Maximum Air Pollutant Concentration

Do Waste Incinerators Induce Adverse Respiratory Effects? An Air Quality and Epidemiological Study of Six Communities

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