Statistical Characterization of Novel 3D Cluster-Based MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Models for Urban Street Scattering Environments

Abstract

We develop a novel three-dimensional (3D) cluster-based channel model for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications under the scenarios of urban street scattering environments. The proposed model combines the flexibility of geometrical channel models with the existing state-of-the-art 3D V2V models. To provide an accurate representation of specific locations and realistic V2V fading environments in a computationally manageable fashion, all clusters are divided into three groups of use cases including "ahead," "between," and "behind" clusters according to the relative locations of clusters. Using the proposed V2V model, we first derive the closed-form expressions of the channel impulse response (CIR), including the line-of-sight (LoS) components and cluster components. Subsequently, for three categories of clusters, the corresponding statistical properties of the reference model are studied. We additionally derive the expressions of the 3D space-time correlation function (STCF), the autocorrelation function (ACF), and 2D STCF. Finally, comparisons with on-road measurement data and numerical experiments demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed 3D cluster-based V2V model.

A General 3D Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Model Allowing 3D Arbitrary Trajectory and 3D-Shaped Antenna Array

“…e normalized spatial-temporal correlation function (STCF) between two different subchannels can be defined by [16,19,25]…”

“…With this assumption, we have cos(ζ) ≈ cos(υ) ≈ 1, sin(ζ) ≈ ζ, sin(υ) ≈ υ, κcos(υ) ≈ κ(1 − υ 2 /2), and κcos(ζ) ≈ κ(1 − ζ 2 /2). Consequently, we can rewrite (25) and (26) as…”

“…Nevertheless, the authors in [9,10] found that the WSS was only suitable for short distances between transmitters and receivers based on the measured data. Several GBSMs for nonstationary V2V channels are proposed in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among them, 2D nonstationary V2V GBSMs with fixed clusters [11,12] or moving scatterers [13] were studied and the statistical properties, i.e., the temporal correlation function (TCF), spatial correlation function (SCF), and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), were also analyzed.…”

“…Some 3D cluster-based nonstationary V2V channel models can also been addressed in [22][23][24][25]. However, the output phases related to the Doppler frequencies in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] were inaccurate compared with the theoretical results [26,27]. e authors in [28,29] modified the phase item to overcome this shortcoming, but it is only suitable for 2D scattering environments.…”

“…Note that most of the existing V2V channel models [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] only took the fixed velocities of the mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR) into account. However, under realistic traffic environments, the velocities of MT and MR could be time-variant.…”