Statistical Estimation of Soil Type Using Cross-Plots of S-Wave Velocity and Resistivity in Japanese Levees

Hayashi, Koichi; Inazaki, Tomio; Kitao, Kaoru; Kita, Takaho

doi:10.4133/sageep2013-027.1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Particularly, horizontal line dividing sandy and clayey soils separates gravel and clayey soils in the dataset. Additionally, the predicted soil types look similar to the statistical classification using the same dataset proposed by Hayashi et al (2013). This result implies that the surface conduction or the effect of conductive materials is dominant and the conduction of pore water is less important in the unsaturated soils.…”

Section: Theoretical Cross-plots Of Resistivity and S-wave Velocitysupporting

confidence: 68%

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Cross-Plot Analysis by Using Rock Physics-Based Thresholds for an Evaluation of Unsaturated Soil

Konishi¹

2014

Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2014

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Cross-plot of resistivity and S-wave velocity (Vs) is one of the effective methods to evaluate earth structure, e.g. river levee, because both properties are relatively easy to be obtained by geophysical methods such as capacitive resistivity survey and surface wave method. From the cross-plot of the two geophysical properties, we can interpret the soil types and looseness based on the observations that resistivity and Vs are sensitive to the grain size and looseness of the soils, respectively. For example, dividing the cross-plot by two individual thresholds for resistivity and Vs is the easiest way to interpret the data; however, setting appropriate thresholds is the most challenging issue in this methodology. In order to overcome this problem, in this study, I propose the way to determine the objective thresholds by using rock physics models. Particularly, the effect of water saturation is significant to interpret shallow subsurface; thus I modify the parallel circuit model for the resistivity prediction to account for the saturation effect. For the Vs prediction, I apply the soft sand model with considering clay content. These rock physics models enable us to connect the two properties by two common parameters: porosity and clay content. Both parameters are included in the models. Therefore, if we assume that porosity and clay content are proxies for looseness and grain size respectively, we are able to select certain values of porosity and clay content as the thresholds to discriminate the data indicating vulnerable area in the cross-plot. Preliminary analysis shows that the segmentation done by the rock physics-based thresholds gives a reasonable result that agrees with a previous study and the geophysical dataset obtained at various river levees.

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Section: Theoretical Cross-plots Of Resistivity and S-wave Velocitysupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The data are collected at many different rivers in Japan, and classified to three types of soils (gravel, sand, and clay) by comparing the geological columns at corresponding drilling wells (Hayashi et al, 2013). Figure 3 shows the result of the comparison for soil types.…”

Section: Theoretical Cross-plots Of Resistivity and S-wave Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Plot Analysis by Using Rock Physics-Based Thresholds for an Evaluation of Unsaturated Soil

Konishi¹

2014

Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2014

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“…Geophysical methods have previously been applied to river embankments and earth dams. The methods and objectives of previous studies were as follows: fracture detection using electrical surveys and frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) methods (e.g., Sentenac et al, 2013;Nthaba et al, 2020); animal burrow detection using electrical surveys, FDEM and ground penetrating radar methods (e.g., Borgatti et al, 2017); leakage and internal erosion detection using time-lapse electrical surveys (e.g., Sjödahl et al, 2008); seepage and leakage detection using electrical surveys, FDEM and self-potential methods (e.g., Sentenac et al, 2018); embankment and foundation soil property estimation using electrical surveys and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) (e.g., Hayashi et al, 2013;Rahimi et al, 2018); and soil moisture and water saturation monitoring using electrical surveys (e.g., Jodry et al, 2019;Tresoldi et al, 2019). Although electrical surveys are commonly used, most of them are 2D and time-lapse 2D surveys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CR method uses capacitors as the electrodes and allows the current to flow underground from an insulating surface, such as an asphalt-paved road. The OhmMapper (Geometrics Inc., USA) system uses the CR method with lineantenna type electrodes and has often been used for river embankment surveys (Hayashi et al, 2013;Rahimi et al, 2018). Other types of CR methods have also been developed, including systems that use carpet type (Rejkjaer et al, 2021) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge electrodes (Jinguuji and Yokota, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a river embankment using a non‐destructive direct current electrical survey

Umezawa

Jinguuji

Yokota

2022

Near Surface Geophysics

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River embankments are earthen structures constructed to protect areas from flooding. If a river embankment collapses, it can cause major damage to human lives; therefore, proper inspection and evaluation are essential to determine the problem areas in river embankments, and repair them if necessary, before any damage occurs. Electrical surveys are a reliable method that has been used widely. Recently, electrical surveys have been used to inspect long structures such as river embankments, highlighting the need for developing non-destructive and less fieldwork electrical survey methods. In this study, we examined a direct current electrical exploration system using polyvinyl alcohol sponge roller electrodes, which are non-destructive and can be moved smoothly without damaging the ground surface. We conducted initial experiments on a test ground in which this new system was towed by an unmanned ground vehicle to perform an electrical survey and compared the results with those obtained using conventional methods that utilize stainless steel electrodes driven into the ground. The results indicate that the direct current electrical survey using the polyvinyl alcohol electrodes yielded almost the same results as those obtained using the stainless steel electrodes. In addition, both methods were tested on a river embankment to investigate the effectiveness of the towed direct current electrical survey. We confirmed that the towed survey method was effective by comparing the resistivity cross-sections and fieldwork required for both survey types.

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Soil density, elasticity, and the soil-water characteristic curve inverted from field-based seismic P- and S-wave velocity in shallow nearly saturated layered soils

et al. 2015

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Soil density, porosity, elastic moduli, and the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) are important properties for soil characterization. However, geotechnical and laboratory tests for soil properties are costly and limited to point sampling sites. Seismic surveys can provide laterally continuous, seismic soil property values that may complement geotechnical borehole tests with less cost. We have developed a workflow to invert for soil properties and the SWCC from seismic P-and S-wave velocity-versus-depth profiles interpreted from shallow (<25 m depth) unconsolidated sediments under conditions of near-full saturation (>99%). The inversion is performed by using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy to search automatically for optimal input soil property values by minimizing the misfit between field-based velocity profiles and predicted velocity profiles based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Biot-Gassmann theories. The results from seismic soil property inversion are validated by comparison with geotechnical as well as laboratory results conducted independently in the same area as the seismic survey. For each seismically recognizable layer, soil types are interpreted from the inverted soil density and elasticity, aided by the SWCC to help detect thin units that are below the original seismic resolution of the field data. There is flexibility to apply our suggested workflow in future studies. For a known geologic setting, empirical relationships and other velocity prediction models could also be incorporated into the suggested workflow to improve inversion results and extract additional information in soils.

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Statistical Estimation of Soil Type Using Cross-Plots of S-Wave Velocity and Resistivity in Japanese Levees

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Cross-Plot Analysis by Using Rock Physics-Based Thresholds for an Evaluation of Unsaturated Soil

Cross-Plot Analysis by Using Rock Physics-Based Thresholds for an Evaluation of Unsaturated Soil

Characterization of a river embankment using a non‐destructive direct current electrical survey

Soil density, elasticity, and the soil-water characteristic curve inverted from field-based seismic P- and S-wave velocity in shallow nearly saturated layered soils

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