Statistical Image Analysis of Drying Bovine Serum Albumin Droplets in Phosphate Buffered Saline

Abstract

A bio-colloidal drying droplet can be used as a pre-diagnostic technique. However, a successful clinical setting requires a fundamental understanding of the final morphology and the way it is related to the initial state of the constituents present in the droplet. This chapter focuses on the physics associated with different pattern formations in the globular protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different phosphate buffered saline concentrations. The study reports that the first-order statistics (FOS) and the gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis are capable of capturing structural changes of the droplets.While the FOS of the image depend on the individual pixels, the GLCM summarizes both tonal and structural relationships between the neighboring pixels. The horizontal and the vertical orientations of the GLCM parameters show a non-significant effect when the pixel displacement is ≤ 1. Interestingly, two local equilibrium-like regions (the rim and the central regions) appear when these droplets approach the steady state. The bimodal distribution confirms that the BSA-BSA interactions are dominant (recessive) over the BSA-saline interactions in the rim (central) 2 regions that result in the phase separated aggregation of the BSA particles in the presence of the salts.

Time-Lapse Quantitative Analysis of Drying Patterns and Machine Learning for Classifying Abnormalities in Sessile Blood Droplets

“…However, the behavior of the droplets at both 0 and 75%(v/v) concentrations is distinct and noteworthy. These observations are consistent with previous findings in the realm of bio-colloids [45-46], indicating the broader applicability of the observed phenomena. Regardless of whether water or PBS is added, the drying process follows a consistent pattern in terms of its stages: an initial stage , a middle stage (∼ 0.5 − 0.8), and a final stage (∼ 0.8 − 1.0).…”

Hierarchical Exploration of Drying Patterns Formed in Drops Containing Lysozyme, PBS, and Liquid Crystals

“…The study explored the evolution of the final state of drying BSA-lysozyme films in NaCl salts' presence using the FOS and GLCM techniques. Pal et al [28] also examined BSA drops at different initial concentrations of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The statistical analysis incorporated in that work showed that these GLCM parameters' horizontal and vertical orientations have a non-significant effect when the pixel displacement is ≤1.…”

Drying of bio-colloidal sessile droplets: Advances, applications, and perspectives

“…Our group has also established a new processing tool to determine the distance between the consecutive cracks [100]. The texture of the images could also be quantified using FOS and GLCM statistical parameters [95,198,199]. The FOS is based on the gray-level distribution of the pixel values without intervening in the interpixel relationships.…”

“…These parameters can also be compared using parametric or non-parametric statistical models. For example, it is shown how these GLCM parameters significantly depend on the horizontal and vertical orientations of the neighboring pixels in an image [198]. Therefore, it cannot be averaged or generalized for all the systems.…”