Statistical multi‐path exposure method for assessing the whole‐body SAR in a heterogeneous human body model in a realistic environment

Abstract

Assessing the whole-body absorption in a human in a realistic environment requires a statistical approach covering all possible exposure situations. This paper describes the development of a statistical multi-path exposure method for heterogeneous realistic human body models. The method is applied for the 6-year-old virtual family boy exposed to the GSM downlink at 950 MHz. It is shown that the whole-body SAR does not di er signi cantly over the di erent environments at an operating frequency of 950 MHz. Furthermore, the whole-body SAR in the virtual family boy exceeds the worst-case single incident plane-wave exposure and the ICNIRP basic restrictions for 3.6 % and 0.3 % of the exposure samples, respectively, for an incident power density equal to the ICNIRP reference level at 950 MHz. The homogeneous spheroid with the dielectric properties of head suggested by IEC underestimates the absorption compared to realistic human body models. Moreover, the variation of the whole-body SAR for realistic human body models is larger than for homogeneous spheroid models. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the tissues and the irregular shape of the realistic human body model in contrary to the homogeneous spheroid human body models.

On-body calibration and processing for a combination of two radio-frequency personal exposimeters

“…[13,14,20,21]. This distribution is based on values of the cross polarization ratio (XPR), which is a well-studied quantity in propagation theory and has been measured in real environments [15] :…”

Diversity Performance of Off-Body MB-OFDM UWB-MIMO

“…The system we consider is an MB-OFDM UWB system, which requires low interference between the separate bands [28]. For all cases, we focus on two environments: Urban Macrocell and Indoor Picocell, representing common real-life environments [29], [30]. The reliability of the system is tested by comparing simulation and measurement results for all combinations of frequencies and environments.…”

“…It is validated by actual measurements. The electromagnetic fields at 1 cm from the human body are calculated using the method presented in [30], [32]. To determine the positions of the nodes, we locate those areas of the body that provide low correlation and yield optimal diversity for the system.…”

“…It is estimated using the extracted BFDs. The method is explained in detail in [30], [34], [35]. For the discretization of the azimuth angle, we use ∆φ = 20…”

“…• [30]. To calculate the electromagnetic fields at a 1 cm distance from the body we rely on the Statistical Multi-path Exposure (SME) method developed in [30], [34], [35].…”