Statistical Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts with a Plateau Phase in the X-Ray Afterglow

Tang, Chao; Huang, Yun‐Feng; Geng, Jin-Jun; Zhang, Zhibin

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab4711

Cited by 81 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…This correlation connects the rest-frame end time t X and luminosity L X of the X-ray afterglow plateau phase with E iso , i.e., L X ∝ t −1.01 X E 0.84 iso [142]. This correlation is very similar to the Combo correlation, but, unlike it, the L-T-E one holds for a few SGRBs and requires being corrected for the redshift evolution effects.…”

Section: L-t-e Correlationmentioning

confidence: 76%

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A Roadmap to Gamma-Ray Bursts: New Developments and Applications to Cosmology

Luongo

Muccino

2021

Galaxies

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Gamma-ray bursts are the most powerful explosions in the universe and are mainly placed at very large redshifts, up to z≃9. In this short review, we first discuss gamma-ray burst classification and morphological properties. We then report the likely relations between gamma-ray bursts and other astronomical objects, such as black holes, supernovae, neutron stars, etc., discussing in detail gamma-ray burst progenitors. We classify long and short gamma-ray bursts, working out their timescales, and introduce the standard fireball model. Afterwards, we focus on direct applications of gamma-ray bursts to cosmology and underline under which conditions such sources would act as perfect standard candles if correlations between photometric and spectroscopic properties were not jeopardized by the circularity problem. In this respect, we underline how the shortage of low-z gamma-ray bursts prevents anchor gamma-ray bursts with primary distance indicators. Moreover, we analyze in detail the most adopted gamma-ray burst correlations, highlighting their main differences. We therefore show calibration techniques, comparing such treatments with non-calibration scenarios. For completeness, we discuss the physical properties of the correlation scatters and systematics occurring during experimental computations. Finally, we develop the most recent statistical methods, star formation rate, and high-redshift gamma-ray burst excess and show the most recent constraints obtained from experimental analyses.

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Section: L-t-e Correlationmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…As already stated, this correlation shares similarities with the Combo correlation but, unlike it, needs to be corrected for the redshift evolution effects [142].…”

Section: L-t-e Correlationmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Roadmap to Gamma-Ray Bursts: New Developments and Applications to Cosmology

Luongo

Muccino

2021

Galaxies

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“…In this case when the energy injection ceases a sharp drop in the light curve is observed. The decay index following an external origin for the plateau is typically smaller than 3 and is well explained by energy injection into the external shocks from either slower travelling shells that are received later or by a long-lived central engine (Dai & Lu 1998;Zhang & Mészáros 2001;Tang et al 2019). For GRB 140629A, the plateau is followed by a normal decay with a slope of 1.33, indicating that it has an external origin.…”

Section: Closure Relationship In Optical and X-ray Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Multiwavelength observations of GRB 140629A

Oates

Lipunov

et al. 2019

A&A

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Aims. We investigate the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 140629A through multiwavelength observations to derive the properties of the dominant jet and its host galaxy. Methods. The afterglow and host galaxy observations were taken in the optical (Swift/UVOT and various facilities worldwide), infrared (Spitzer), and X-rays (Swift/XRT) between 40 s and 3 yr after the burst trigger. Results. Polarisation observations by the MASTER telescope indicate that this burst is weakly polarised. The optical spectrum contains absorption features, from which we confirm the redshift of the GRB as originating at z = 2.276 ± 0.001. We performed spectral fitting of the X-rays to optical afterglow data and find there is no strong spectral evolution. We determine the hydrogen column density NH to be 7.2 × 1021 cm−2 along the line of sight. The afterglow in this burst can be explained by a blast wave jet with a long-lasting central engine expanding into a uniform medium in the slow cooling regime. At the end of energy injection, a normal decay phase is observed in both the optical and X-ray bands. An achromatic jet break is also found in the afterglow light curves ∼0.4 d after trigger. We fit the multiwavelength data simultaneously with a model based on a numerical simulation and find that the observations can be explained by a narrow uniform jet in a dense environment with an opening angle of 6.7° viewed 3.8° off-axis, which released a total energy of 1.4 × 1054 erg. Using the redshift and opening angle, we find GRB 140629A follows both the Ghirlanda and Amati relations. From the peak time of the light curve, identified as the onset of the forward shock (181s after trigger), the initial Lorentz factor (Γ0) is constrained in the range 82–118. Fitting the host galaxy photometry, we find the host to be a low mass, star-forming galaxy with a star formation rate of log (SFR) 1.1+0.9−0.4 M⊙ yr−1. We obtain a value of the neutral hydrogen density by fitting the optical spectrum, log NHI = 21.0 ± 0.3, classifying this host as a damped Lyman-alpha. High ionisation lines (N V, Si IV) are also detected in the spectrum.

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“…Overall, their results are generally consistent with Liang, Zhang & Zhang (2007), confirming their suggestion that the shallow decay segment in most bursts is consistent with an external forward shock origin, probably due to a continuous energy injection from a long-lived central engine. Tang et al (2019) considering that a plateau phase in the X-ray afterglow is observed in a significant fraction of GRBs performed a statistical study of this class. Previously, it has been found that there exists a correlation among three key parameters concerning the plateau phase, i.e., the end time of the plateau phase in the GRB rest frame (T a ), the corresponding X-ray luminosity at the end time (L X ) and the isotropic energy of the prompt GRB (E γ,iso ).…”

Section: Pos(multif2019)003mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources in the GW Era

Giovannelli¹,

Sabau-Graziati²

2020

Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)

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We will discuss the importance of the "Multifrequency Astrophysics" as a pillar of an interdisciplinary approach for the knowledge of the physics of our Universe. Indeed, as largely demonstrated in the last decades, only with the multifrequency observations of cosmic sources it is possible to get near the whole behaviour of a source and then to approach the physics governing the phenomena that originate such a behaviour. In spite of this, a multidisciplinary approach in the study of each kind of phenomenon occurring in each kind of cosmic source is even more powerful than a simple "astrophysical approach". A clear example of a multidisciplinary approach is that of "The Bridge between the Big Bang and Biology". This bridge can be described by using the competences of astrophysicists, planetary physicists, atmospheric physicists, geophysicists, volcanologists, biophysicists, biochemists, and astrobiophysicists. The unification of such competences can provide the intellectual framework that will better enable an understanding of the physics governing the formation and structure of cosmic objects, apparently uncorrelated with one another, that on the contrary constitute the steps necessary for the life (e.g. Giovannelli, 2001). Indeed, a lot of the future research in astrophysics will be focussed on the discovery of exoplanets and on the possibility to detect signals for alien life somewhere in the Galaxy. An extension to a multidisciplinary approach is coming from the use of historical news reported in "old chronicle" that are a fundamental source for the newborn "archaeoastronomy". There are many problems in performing Simultaneous Multifrequency, Multisite, Multiinstrument, Multiplatform Measurements due to: (i) objective technological difficulties; (ii) sharing common scientific objectives; (iii) problems of scheduling and budgets; (iv) politic management of science. All these kind of measurements converge in what is now called Multimessenger Astrophysics, after the detection of gravitational wave events (GWEs) and the search for the electromagnetic counterparts of such events. A part of this paper is a summary of an updated version of the book "The Impact of the Space Experiments on Our Knowledge of the Physics of the Universe" published in 2004 by the Kluwer Academic Publishers, reprinted from the review paper by Giovannelli, F. & Sabau-Graziati, L.: 2004, Space Sci. Rev. 112, 1-443 (GSG2004), and subsequent considered lucubrations. In this paper we will provide several example that marked the continuous evolution on the knowledge of the physics of our Universe.

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Statistical Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts with a Plateau Phase in the X-Ray Afterglow

Cited by 81 publications

References 123 publications

A Roadmap to Gamma-Ray Bursts: New Developments and Applications to Cosmology

A Roadmap to Gamma-Ray Bursts: New Developments and Applications to Cosmology

Multiwavelength observations of GRB 140629A

Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources in the GW Era

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