“…Researchers have suggested that O + can be accelerated or decelerated through a wave‐particle interaction with ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves called drift‐bounce resonance (Cladis & Lennartsson, ; Keika et al, ; Li et al, ; Mitani et al, , ; Oimatsu, Nosé, Teramoto, et al, ; Ren et al, , ; Yang, Zong, Fu, Li, et al, ; Zong et al, ). The drift‐bounce resonance condition is ω − mω d = Nω b , where ω is the wave angular frequency, ω d is the particle bounce‐averaged drift angular frequency, ω b is the particle bounce angular frequency, and N is an integer (Southwood et al, ).…”