Statistics of damages to timber structures in Germany

Assessment of heritage timber structures: Review of standards, guidelines and procedures

“…At the beginning of 2006 some contemporary timber structures in Europe collapsed [97]; in most of these cases failure occurred under snow load, and evidently due to some vulnerabilities inherent to the structures. The need to acquire a systematic knowledge from these incidents motivated a number of investigation campaigns and the development of a structured inspection form for damage classification [98].…”

“…The need to acquire a systematic knowledge from these incidents motivated a number of investigation campaigns and the development of a structured inspection form for damage classification [98]. The failure assessment template for timber structures, developed in the framework of the Cost Action E55 [97]; [98]; [99], is based on a comprehensive survey and analysis of those failures reported on contemporary timber structures in North and Central Europe. The approach proposed for the failure assessment of contemporary, engineered timber structures is not straightforwardly applicable to heritage structures.…”

Assessing the integrity of glued-laminated timber elements

“…But unfortunately, not every structure meets these design, construction, and maintenance requirements, as documented in several publications, e.g. [10][11][12][13][14]. The most frequent damage affecting the integrity of the cross-section is cracking, see Fig.…”

“…); or doubts whether the assumptions applied during the design are fulfilled, e.g. no inspection for longer period or negative results of an investigation, an unexpected degradation, accidental loads, new knowledge, or, unfortunately extreme incidents like the collapse of the ice rink in Bad Reichenhall in 2006 [10] and a series of other failures of timber structures in Europe over the course of few years [11][12][13][14]. These incidents prompted an international research focus on the assessment of timber structures, specifically the RILEM technical committee ''AST'' [16] and a task force within COST Action ''E55'' [17].…”

Experimental Investigation on Axial Compression of Resilient Nail-Cross-Laminated Timber Panels

“…While CLT panels have numerous benefits, making them attractive as a building material [16][17][18], there are still some problems to be solved for CLT panels to gain wider acceptance [19,20], including (1) relatively low service life of the adhesive connection [21];…”