Status and control of Chilo spp. on cereal crops in Southern Asia

Abstract

In southern Asia, Chilo auricilius Dudgeon, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), Chilo suppressalis simplex (Butler), Chilo sacchariphagus indie us (Kapur), Chilo supermain and Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson are recorded as pests of cereal crops. Chilo partellus causes severe losses in maize, sorghum and rice; Chilo suppressalis, Chilo polychrysus and Chilo supermain are major pests of rice; Chilo auricilius causes damage on both rice and sugar-cane; and Chilo infuscatellus and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus are serious pests of sugar-cane. Chilo suppressalis simplex and Chilo tumidicostalis are minor pests of maize and sugar-cane, respectively. Some of these pyralid borers are minor pests of other cereal crops. The life and seasonal histories of these stem borers and various control measures against them practised in various countries of southern Asia are discussed. The natural enemies of various Chilo species in this region are also listed. Resume-En Asie du Sud, le Chilo auricilius Dudgeon, le Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, le Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), le Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick), le Chilo suppressalis (Walker), le Chilo suppressalis simplex (Butler), le Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur), le Chilo supermain et le Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson sont les principaiement ennemis les plus redoutes des plantes cerealieres. Le Chilo partellus cause des pertes tres serieuses sur le mais, le sorgho et le riz; tandis que le Chilo suppressalis, le Chilo polychrysus et le Chilo supermain sont les principaux ennemis du riz. Quant au Chilo auricilius, il fait de serieux ravages aussi bien sur le riz et sur la canne a sucre; de meme la Chilo infuscatellus et le Chilo sacchariphagus indicus sont de veritables grands destructeurs de la canne a sucre. Tandis que le Chilo suppressalis simplex et le Chilo tumidicostalis representant un danger mineur aussi bien sur le mais que sur le canne a sucre. Certains de ces pyralides rongeuses ne presentent qu'un danger negligeable sur certaines autres cereales. Les donnees sur le cycle de vie et les comportements saisonniers de ces grands rongeurs des tiges, ainsi que les differentes mesures de lutte adoptees a leur egard dans de nombreux pays a d'Asie australe sont actuellement contestees. On a egalement dresse une liste des ennemis naturels des differentes especes du Chilo.Mots Clefs: Le Chilo auricilius, le Chilo infuscatellus, le Chilo panellus, le Chilo polychrysus, lc Chilo suppressalis, le Chilo suppressalis simplex, le Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, le Chilo supermain, le Chilo tumidicostalis, les planlcs-hotes, situation des insectes nuisibles, repartition, le sorgho, le mais, le riz, la canne a sucre, les avoines, l'orge, le ble, les ennemis naturels, le millet et le millet-perle 501 502 FANINDRA P. NEUPANE Chilo infuscatellus Snellen Maize, rice, sorghum. Major: Bangladesh and India sugar-cane (rice and sugar-cane) Minor: Nepal (rice) Occasional: India (maize) Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Functional response ofTrichogramma chilonistoGalleria mellonellaandChilo sacchariphaguseggs

“…The spotted stem borer, Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp., in Southern Asia and the Indian Ocean Islands (Neupane, 1990; Goebel et al., 1999b). On Réunion Island, this insect was accidentally introduced during the 19th century with imported sugarcane from Mauritius (Bleszynski, 1969).…”

Field survey and greenhouse evaluation of non-rice host plants of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), as refuges for resistance management of rice transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes

“…There are numerous reports in the older literature of cultivated grasses, including maize, sugarcane, sorghum and millet, as hosts of C. suppressalis (Khan et al, 1991). However, a search of the electronic version of the Entomology Abstracts (National Information Services Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA) covering the period from 1978 to August 2001 found only one paper, a review (Neupane, 1990), reporting C. suppressalis as a pest of any of these four crops. This suggests that C. suppressalis occurs in these crops only at low levels, if at all.…”

Taxonomic Studies on Graminaceous Stem Borers from North India

“…Distribution: India, Bangladesh, China, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor, Vietnam (Carl, 1962;Bleszynski, 1970;Chundurwar, 1989;David and Easwaramoorthy, 1990;Harris, 1990;Neupane, 1990).…”