Status and implementation of reproductive technologies in goats in emerging countries

Abstract

In modern cattle breeding, assisted reproductive technologies in small ruminants have been used even out-of-season breeding, but in emerging countries these technologies have been mainly used for estrous synchronization and artificial insemination. However, in the last 30 years, significant progress in the matter of transfers of in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos has been achieved. Currently, eight donor embryos are obtained by goat, due to the physiological knowledge of the presence of dominant follicles; above alter results recovered embryos (4 embryos / donor). Whereas, the goat has the advantage of presenting a shorter interval between generations compared to cow; this promote more research in in vitro fertilization, and overcome the limitations presented in a traditional embryo transfer. However cloning and transgenesis, are two techniques that will begin to have a commercial application, because goats can be used as bioreactors to produce milk with specific proteins to develop drugs. The objective of this study was to establish and describe in a general way the use of these techniques in goats, to promote their use so as to achieve genetic improvement in goats.

Research advances in reproduction for dairy goats

“…The ES techniques have been widely used to induce cyclicity in anestrus dairy goats and synchronize estrus, which produced a uniform kidding times and lactation periods [102, 103]. Appropriate ES protocols can markedly alter the onset, interval, and duration of estrus as well as the rates of pregnancy and kidding [104].…”