Status, characterization, and potential utilization of municipal solid waste as renewable energy source: Lahore case study in Pakistan

Azam, Muhammad; Jahromy, Saman Setoodeh; Raza, Waseem; Raza, Nadeem; Lee, Sang Soo; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Winter, Franz

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105291

Cited by 132 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To implement proper waste management strategies or to optimize the design of the required waste management infrastructure and facilities, accurate estimates on waste generation and waste characteristics are crucial. Many researchers (Adeniran et al, 2017; Al-Jarallah and Aleisa, 2014; Azam et al, 2020; Chang and Davila, 2008; Chang et al, 2011; Gu et al, 2015; Hanc et al, 2011; Miezah et al, 2015) strongly advocate that the reliable quantification of the MSW generation rate and characterization of its composition are the foremost steps essential towards achieving an effective MSWM system. However, reliable waste management data are lacking in many developing countries and, where available, are inconsistent because they come from various sources which cannot be validated and are sometimes based on assumptions but not the scientific measurements (Buenrostro et al, 2001; Couth, 2011; Miezah et al, 2015; Moh and Abd Manaf, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and characterization of the municipal solid waste for sustainable waste management in newly formed municipalities of Nepal

Pathak¹,

Mainali

Abuel-Naga

et al. 2020

Waste Manag Res

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This study was conducted to set up a new reference line for municipal solid waste quantification and characterization in the least urbanized cities of a developing nation. A survey was run to collect baseline data from 60 new municipalities of Nepal. The study covered a sample size of 3300 households, 600 institutions and 600 commercial establishments in those municipalities. The municipalities were further stratified according to geographical location, the degree of urbanization, household expenditure and population size to assess the influence on waste generation. The results indicated that the average per capita household waste generation is 115 g day-1 while the average total municipal waste generation was estimated to be 180 g day-1 per capita.The study also revealed that size of municipal population, geographic location, household expenditure and degree of urbanization were found to have a significant influence on the unit waste generation. The larger the size of municipal population the higher the per capita household waste generation, degree of urbanization and per capita waste production. Increasing household expenditure revealed an increase in the unit waste generation. The waste categories included organic waste, plastics, paper and paper products, textiles, rubber and leather, metals, glass, and others. The results indicated that organic waste dominated the characterization (62%), followed by plastics (12%) and paper/paper products (11%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and characterization of the municipal solid waste for sustainable waste management in newly formed municipalities of Nepal

Pathak¹,

Mainali

Abuel-Naga

et al. 2020

Waste Manag Res

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“…The preparation of experimental samples (MSW and RDF) was based on representative components of MSW collected from city Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, as described in our previous paper, 28 whereas low‐rank coal sample was taken from Chiragh reserves located in province of Punjab, Pakistan. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed with the sample size of 20 mg in Mettler Toledo (TGA/DSC 1 STAR, USA) System.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal

Azam

Ashraf

Jahromy

et al. 2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Approximately, 60-70% of MSW is collected in Pakistan (Manzoor et al, 2020). However, the collection rate within cities may be greater as Azam et al (2020) reported a 90% collection rate in Lahore (based on Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC) collection efficiency). After collection, up to 50% of MSW is disposed of in open dumps, whereas 40% of MSW is sent to unspecified landfills (Kaza et al, 2018).…”

Section: Current Scenario Of Msw Management In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, in order to mitigate energy crises in Pakistan, China-Pakistan economic corridor projects have incorporated coal fired power plants, thereby increasing the reliance on non-renewable energy sources. Imported coal will be utilized until 2021 to add 7000 MW of electricity to the national grid station (Azam et al, 2020). The reliance on non-renewable sources for energy will lead to increase in GHG emissions in Pakistan as the energy sector already constitutes 51% of national GHG emissions (Khan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authentic and reliable waste data are extremely significant in planning and designing of an MSW management system. However, most researches related to MSW in Pakistan have been focused on major cities mainly, such as on Lahore (Azam et al, 2020;Masood et al, 2014), Hyderabad (Korai et al, 2016), Islamabad (Zia et al, 2017), Gujranwala (Nadeem et al, 2016), Rawalpindi (Haider et al, 2013) and others. Only a few researches have covered the entire country (Korai et al, 2017;Zuberi and Ali, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Pakistan

et al. 2021

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The studies on municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Pakistan and its impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are glaringly missing. Therefore, this study examines the effect of MSW management on GHG emissions in Pakistan and suggests the best suitable strategies for alleviating GHG emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 waste model (WM) was used to create inventory of GHG emissions from landfilling. The solid waste management GHG (SWM-GHG) calculator and strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threat (SWOT) analyses were used as strategic planning tools to reduce GHG emissions by improving MSW management in Pakistan. The IPCC 2006 WM estimated 14,987,113 metric tonnes (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) of GHG emissions in 2016. The SWM-GHG calculator, on the other hand, estimated 23,319,370 Mt CO2-eq of GHG emissions from management of 30,764,000 Mt of MSW in 2016, which included 8% recycling, 2% composting, and 90% disposal in open dumps. To reduce GHG emissions, two strategies including recycling-focused and incineration-focused were analysed. The recycling approach can reduce more GHG emissions than incineration, as it can reduce 36% of GHG emissions (as compared to GHG emission in 2016) by recycling 23% of MSW, anaerobically digesting 10% of MSW, and disposing of 67% of MSW in sanitary landfills (with energy recovery). Moreover, the SWOT analysis suggested integration of the informal sector, adoption of anaerobic digestion and formulation of explicit MSW regulations for improving the current management of MSW which will also result in lower GHG emissions.

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Status, characterization, and potential utilization of municipal solid waste as renewable energy source: Lahore case study in Pakistan

Cited by 132 publications

References 41 publications

Quantification and characterization of the municipal solid waste for sustainable waste management in newly formed municipalities of Nepal

Quantification and characterization of the municipal solid waste for sustainable waste management in newly formed municipalities of Nepal

Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal

Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Pakistan

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