Status of waste tires and management practice in Botswana

Abstract

Waste tyres (WTs) are becoming a significant environmental, economical and technological challenge due to their high contents of combustible composition and potential for valuable materials and energy resources. Fewer studies in developing and even developed countries have been carried out to assess the challenges regarding waste tyres management, and suggested the best alternative solutions for managing this waste stream. While developed countries made progress in waste tyres management needs by implementing more efficient innovative recovery and recycling methods, and restrictive regulations regarding the management of used tyres, in many developing countries the management of waste tyres has not received adequate interest, and the processing, treatment and disposal of waste tyre is still nascent. In recent years, worldwide, several methods for managing used tyres, including other principal alternatives for managing end-of-life tyres defined in the 4Rs, reduction, re-use, recovery and recycling have been adopted and applied to minimize serious threats to both the natural environment environment and human. The paper attempted to establish stakeholders' action that has the responsibility in waste tyre management in Botswana. This study also analyzed important aspects on waste tyres management in Botswana. A synthesis of approaches was employed in the present investigation to determine the factors influencing effective performance of waste tyres management practice in Botswana. Data for the present study was obtained using relevant published literature, scientific journals, other third sector sources, academic sources, and research derived from governments and other agencies and field observations. Group discussions with the participants and semi-structured interviews with professionals were carried out. The outcomes of this investigation are a wide-range outline concerning the participants that are important in waste tyres management, and a set of aspects affecting the management of waste tyres. The information provided by this study is very critical for reviewing and updating the methods and tools to update waste tyres data and trends to improve waste tyres management efficiency, suggesting innovative methods of recovering and recycling this waste stream in Botswana.

Effectiveness of Selected Issues of Used Tyre Management in Poland

“…In turn the recovery of used tyres in Poland was signi cant and amounted to 47%. This result indicates that the risk to the environment is minimised following the 4R principle (Mmereki et al 2016). In Ecuador, Cecchin et al (2019) found a lower level of used tyre recovery at 20%.…”

Modeling the Socioeconomic Metabolism of End-of-Life Tires Using Structural Equations: A Brazilian Case Study

“…The main limitation verified in the proposed methodology refers to obtaining the answers to the questionnaire applied to the tire manufacturers' public, according to the sampling plan. In general, as also verified in the literature [28], the inherent competition in the market and the need for secrecy in tire production processes contribute to the fact that manufacturers do not provide information related to technical issues, especially those associated with reverse logistics. In this case, the existence of partner companies co-responsible for the management of ELTs also represents a difficulty for the acquisition of information.…”

“…Direct materials (direct material flows, DMF) comprise the tires required by society (DMF_3_Demand) to meet their needs (DMF_4_Requests). New tires replenish the aftermarket by forming a large supply chain (DMF_1_ Supplier Network) [28,[69][70][71]. This chain is managed by the National Association of Tire Industries (NATI) which serves the interests of tire producers and importers (DMF_7_ Marketing).…”

“…Supply chains are comprised of large tire wholesalers/retailers and reuse companies representing the entire city supply market (DMF_2_ Supply Network). Reverse materials (reverse material flows, RMF) comprise the waste stock that is disposed of by society after use [23,28,[72][73][74][75]. ELTs are collected (RM_1_ Collect) through specific urban planning (RMF_2_Urban planning) which establishes the voluntary and scheduled waste collection plan (ELTs) in the warehouse (RMF_3_ Accumulation) until final disposal (RMF_5_ Final Destination).…”

“…These models include the principles of CE, economic instruments for valuing materials, the tax system and extended producer responsibility. The management of ELTs in developed countries requires society's knowledge of integrated programs that consider environmental sustainability agendas, storage, systematic and consistent approaches to ELT market regulation and the implementation of methods to address the problem of inventory in cities [28].…”