Status, source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Hu, Tianpeng; Zhang, Jiaquan; Wang, Hongzhi; Zhang, Li; Xing, Xinli; Zhang, Yuan; Wang, Yongkui; Sun, Wen; Qi, Shihua; Zhang, Quanfa

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.09.012

Cited by 65 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Health risk assessment model was used to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic threat obtained from different exposure pathways (USEPA, 1989). Health risk can be calculated using PAHs exposure in the environment through ingestion, inhalation and/or dermal exposure (Jamhari et al, 2014;Kong et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2017). BaP equivalent concentration (BaP eq ) was also adopted to assess the health risk of PAHs (Kong et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessment Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common toxic organic chemicals composed of two or more fused benzene rings arranged in different configurations (Chefetz et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2017). PAHs can comprise extra fused rings those are not six-sided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Wu et al, 2014; Bandowe and Nkansah, 2016;Lui et al, 2017). In general, PAHs are known to have mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and estrogenic properties, and their physicochemical properties are highly mobile in the environment via air, soil and water bodies (Boström et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2013;Wincent et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2017;Lui et al, 2017). PAHs in the atmospheric environment behave equal to persistent organic pollutants continue to undergo long-range atmospheric transport (Fang et al, 2004;Mulder et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, reaction half-lives of persistent organic pollutants in water, soil, and sediments are much higher than in the atmospheric gaseous phase. Recently, atmospheric PAHs have received great attention in air pollution studies globally owing to its high levels of toxicants those are harmful for most city dwellers (Fang et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2013;Jamhari et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2017;Lui et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh

Hossain¹,

Hossain²

2019

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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The existence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine coal fractions have been determined in order to evaluate their potential carcinogenicity to human beings. Thirteen PAHs of fine coal fractions (n = 9) from Barapukuria coal field, situated at the northwestern part of Bangladesh were analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) method in order to examine their distributions and toxicity in the environment. Relative abundances of fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), benzo [b,j,k] fluoranthene (Bflas), benzo [e] pyrene (BeP) and benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) were found to be high, followed by phenanthrene (Phe), indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (InP), benzo [g,h,i] perylene (BghiP) and coronene (Cor). The average loads of carcinogenic PAHs in the fine coal fractions decreased in the order: Bflas > BeP > BaP > BghiP > InP > Cor. The PAHs ratios of BeP/(BeP + BaP) ranging from 0.61 to 0.85 (average 0.74), reflected the decay of BaP due to ageing in prolonged exposure to the solar radiation. High abundance of land plant markers retene (Ret) and Phe and BaP/BghiP ratio (~0.10 to 6.16, average 1.89) values indicate that organic matters in the studied samples were derived from typical biological sources. Moreover, the existence of more middle- and higher molecular weight (MMW and HMW) PAHs over lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in most samples implied the association of high toxicity with negative impacts on human health. The health risk assessment factors (BaPeq) ranging from 0.55 ng g–1 to 6.51 ng g–1 indicates moderate to high health risk related to carcinogenic PAHs in the surrounding atmosphere. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for adults (9.96 × 10−5 to 1.27 × 10−4) and children (5.56 × 10−6 to 1.12 × 10−6) were found to be higher than or equal to the range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 203-214, 2019

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Section: Human Health Risk Assessment Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh

Hossain¹,

Hossain²

2019

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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“…Because of their hydrophobicity, PAHs and its metabolites tend to be interacted with DNA, causing malignancies and heritable genetic damage in humans [1] . Therefore, close attention has been paid to the research of PAHs, especially determination gaseous phase PAHs emitted from diesel engine for atmospheric pollutant control [2] . Directly determination of PAHs in environmental samples using analytical instrument is still challenging because of the extremely low concentrations and complex unknown interferences [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of micelle supported magnetic hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes based DSPE for determination of PAHs

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Ingestion and Dermal Cancer Risk via Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soils in an Oil‐Producing Community, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Enuneku

Ogbeide

Okpara

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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There is an intrinsic link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulated in soils and increased health risk to humans after exposure to contaminated soil via ingestion, inhalation of particulates carrying PAHs, and direct contact with polluted soils. However, the assessment of PAH contamination in most developing countries fails to consider health risk assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted to determine the concentration, source, toxicity, and human health risks of 16 PAHs in an urban area in Warri, Delta State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results showed varying contamination levels for PAH in soil samples from all sampling points, with benzo[a]anthracene (BaP; at 338.81 μg/kg) being the most abundant at all 9 sampling stations. The highest total concentration of PAH was observed at station 5 (1230.98 μg/kg), which was closest to a flow station. Further comparison with PAH contamination standards showed that soils from stations 1 and 2 were weakly contaminated (<600 μg/kg), and soil samples from stations 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 were moderately contaminated (<1000 μg/kg). Soil samples from stations 5 and 8 were observed to be heavily contaminated (>1000 μg/kg). The BaP estimates for soil samples obtained for stations 3 to 9 were higher than the BaP soil screening value (15 μg/kg), indicating a carcinogenic potential of soil samples. The results also showed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimates for PAH in the soil for adults and children were above the recommended threshold (10 −4) for ingestion and dermal contact, implying that exposure to contaminated soil could lead to cancers in adults and children. Currently, there are no regional or national standards for PAHs in soil that would indicate an increased likelihood for human exposure and subsequent health issues.

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Status, source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Cited by 65 publications

References 45 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine fractions of Barapukuria coal in Bangladesh

Preparation of micelle supported magnetic hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes based DSPE for determination of PAHs

Ingestion and Dermal Cancer Risk via Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soils in an Oil‐Producing Community, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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