Status žena u podunavskim zajednicama u starijem željeznom dobu

Abstract

Starije željezno doba na prostoru istočne Slavonije, zapadne Bačke i zapadnoga Srijema naseljavale su zajednice koje se povezuju s materijalnom kulturom grupe Dalj. Kontinuitet u naseljavanju i pokopavanju na istim položajima može se pratiti od kasnoga brončanog doba. U novim istraživanjima groblja iz kasnoga brončanog i starijega željeznog doba u Sotinu pronađeno je 119 grobova. Radi se o paljevinskim grobovima, pri čemu su spaljeni ostaci pokojnika s ostacima nošnje i osobnim predmetima u većini grobova bili položeni u žare te poklopljeni zdjelom u funkciji poklopca. U grobovima starijega željeznog doba bili su položeni i keramički servisi sastavljeni od lonaca, šalica, kantharosa i zdjela koji su sadržavali piće i jelo – popudbinu u pogrebnome ritualu. Interdisciplinarne analize konteksta, nalaza i uzoraka omogućavaju detaljnije interpretacije pogrebnih običaja, identiteta i statusa pokojnika kroz analizu pojedinačnih grobova. Siguran kontekst u kojem su povezani keramički nalazi i nakit omogućavaju i detaljnije datacije inventara unutar starijega željeznog doba na prostoru Podunavlja, sagledanoga u mreži komunikacija i utjecaja vidljivih na predmetima i u pogrebnim običajima.

Secrets of the Drava: Bronze Age Metalwork in Continental Croatia

“…The final item is a sickle (Fig. 2, U1), similar to twelfth‐ to eleventh‐centuries BC artefacts found in the area between the Sava and Drava rivers (Vinski‐Gasparini 1973; Homen 1982; Perkić and Ložnjak Dizdar 2005).…”

“…The rich sediments of gravel and sand were formed by fluvial erosion during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene (Feletar and Feletar 2008), and continued gravel extraction in modern times has created several anthropogenic lakes (Jegeniš–Legrad, Vidak–Torčec, Šoderica–Botovo, Gabajeva Greda). Over the years, numerous bronze artefacts have been recovered from the gravel pits (Glogović and Miko 2001; Marković 2001; Pavlin 2006; Ložnjak Dizdar 2007; Čimin 2013; Šimek 2017).…”

“…Before their impact, however, the watershed of the Drava was highly variable (Feletar and Feletar 2008; Feletar 2016, 24), and during the Bronze Age the entire area situated south and south‐west of today's river flow, 1–4 km wide, was seasonally flooded. Current archaeological data indicates that settlements were situated at a safe distance from these seasonal wetlands, along the smaller watercourses, and that the area was relatively densely populated, especially between the fourteenth and eleventh centuries BC (Marković 1997; Kulenović 2004; Ložnjak Dizdar 2005; Kudelić and Sirovica 2016). Based on archaeological, hydrographical and geological data, it can be assumed that the area of today's Šoderica–Botovo gravel pit was not permanently inhabited in this period and was rather a part of the wetlands.…”

“…Following this framework, the possibility that a similar practice took place in the nearby lowland area of the Drava, Sava and Kupa rivers, which was densely populated, especially between the fifteenth and eleventh centuries BCE (end of the Middle Bronze Age – Late Bronze Age; Ložnjak‐Dizdar 2005; Kudelić and Sirovica 2022, 27–43), should not be dismissed. Regarding the choice of the deposition locations, it should also be considered that the sites with the highest number of deposited items are frequently located along smaller watercourses (for example the Kupa and the Ljubljanica rivers), and at the confluence of said smaller watercourses into the main river (Sava and Drava).…”