Staybwood—Heat-Stabilized Wood

Stamm, Alfred J.; Burr, Horace K.; Kline, Albert A.

doi:10.1021/ie50438a027

Cited by 151 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, the amount of ettringite formed during this time is enhanced. After treatment, the heated wood is less hygroscopic than natural wood [21]. Consequently, the amount of water available for the hydration of cement is higher for C + 20% 260 than for C + 20% P. This result is consistent with Bensted observation [22] who showed that a high value of the W/C ratio accelerated the gypsum dissolution and promoted ettringite formation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Modification of cement hydration at early ages by natural and heated wood

Govin

Peschard

Guyonnet

2006

Cement and Concrete Composites

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International audienceHeat treatments of wood are widely used for the reduction of wood swelling and dimensional instability of wood-cement composites. The effect of natural and heated wood on the hydration of cement at early ages was investigated by isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetry (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The addition of wood strongly delays and inhibits the hydration of the silicate phases. Consequently, the amount of portlandite is lower in composites than in neat cement. Approximately 30% of the inhibition of portlandite precipitation is due to an increase of calcium carbonate content in cement paste. The absorption of a part of water by wood produces a decrease in gypsum consumption. Nevertheless, the ettringite formation is not significantly affected since a diffusion of sulfate ions from wood occurs

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Modification of cement hydration at early ages by natural and heated wood

Govin

Peschard

Guyonnet

2006

Cement and Concrete Composites

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“…Stamm et al (1946) reported the first systematic attempts to increase the resistance to wooddestroying fungi by heating wood beneath the surface of molten metal at temperatures between 140 and 320 °C. Thunell & Elken (1948) and Buro (1954) continued the work by Stamm and colleagues by studying the thermal modification of wood in different gaseous atmospheres.…”

Section: Thermal Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood modification technologies - a review

Sandberg¹,

Kutnar²,

Mantanis³

2017

iForest

350

197

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The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). Building on these examples, the paper will discuss the environmental impact assessment of modification processes and further development needs.

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“…In Stamm and Hansen (1937) confirmed these results finding that equilibrium moisture, swelling and shrinkage of wood decreased with heating in several gaseous atmospheres. Then, Stamm et al (1946) reported a heat treatment to improve wood dimensional stability and resistance to wood-destroying fungi without densification process. None of these modified wood products had much success on the industrial market, probably due to the availability of other high quality timber at the time.…”

Section: Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of wood thermal treatment and its effects on decay resistance: a review

Candelier

Thévenon

Pétrissans

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

190

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Key message An efficient use of thermal treatment of wood requires a depth understanding of the chemical modifications induced. This is a prerequisite to avoid problems of process control, and to provide high quality treated wood with accurately assessed properties to the market. Properties and structural anatomy of thermally modified woods are slightly different than un-processed woods from a same wood species. So it is necessary to create or adapt new analytical methods to control their quality. Context Heat treatment as a wood modification process is based on chemical degradation of wood polymer by heat transfer. It improves mainly the resistance of wood to decay and provides dimensional stability. These improvements, which come at the expense of a weakening of mechanical properties, have been extensively studied. Since a decade, researches focused mainly on the understanding of wood thermal degradation, on modelling, on quality prediction and quality control. Aims We aimed at reviewing the recent advances about (i) the analytical methods used to control thermal treatment; (ii) the effects on wood decay resistance and (iii) the advantages and drawbacks of a potential industrial use of wood heating. Methods We carried out a literature review of the main industrial methods used to evaluate the conferred wood properties, by thermal treatment. We used papers and reports published between 1970 and 2015, identified in the web of science data base.. Results Approximately 100 papers mostly published after 2000 were retrieved. They concentrated on: (i) wood mass loss due to thermal degradation determination, (ii) spectroscopic analyses of wood properties, (iii) colour measurements, (iv) chemical composition, (v) non-destructive mechanical assessments and (vi) use of industrial data. Conclusions One of most interesting property of heat-treated wood remains its decay resistance. Durability test with modified wood in laboratory are expensive and time-consuming. This review displays data from different analytical methods, such as spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, chemical analyses or mechanical tests that have the potential to be valuable indicators to assess the durability of heat treated wood at industrial scale. However, each method has its limits and drawbacks, such as the required investment for the equipment, reliability and accuracy of the results and ease of use at industrial scale.

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Staybwood—Heat-Stabilized Wood

Cited by 151 publications

References 6 publications

Modification of cement hydration at early ages by natural and heated wood

Modification of cement hydration at early ages by natural and heated wood

Wood modification technologies - a review

Control of wood thermal treatment and its effects on decay resistance: a review

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